Download HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
Each student will understand the function of each human body system listed
below.
WEBSITES: http://kidshealth.org/kid/closet/movies/how_the_body_works_interim.html
http://science.pppst.com/humanbody.html
1. Muscular 24-28
What types of muscles are found in the body?
How are the muscle types different? Similar?
Why do skeletal muscles work in pairs?
LAB – Create an example of how skeletal muscles work?
2. Skeletal 12-13
What are the functions of the skeleton?
What role do joints play in the body?
What are the characteristics of bone, and how can you keep your bones strong
and healthy?
LAB -- Create working examples of each type of movable joint?
3. Endocrine 216-220
How does the endocrine system control body process?
What are the endocrine glands?
How does negative feedback control hormone levels?
LAB – How can you model negative feedback?
4. Nervous 176-180
What are the functions of the nervous system?
What is the structure of a neuron and what kinds of neurons are found in the
body?
How do nerve impulses travel from one neuron to another?
LAB – Do people’s reaction times vary at different times of the day?
HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
Muscle Systems - Three types
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Smooth Internal organs – stomach, intestines, Cardiac – Heart muscles, Skeletal- attached to
bones work in pairs
Similar Different
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SKELETAL Striated Voluntary- because we have direct control over them through
nervous impulses Contractions can vary to produce powerful, fast movements or small
precision actions. Skeletal muscles also have the ability to stretch or contract and still
return to their original shape.
SMOOTH Unstriated Involuntary- has slow, rhythmical contractions used in controlling
internal organs, for example; moving food along
Cardiac Striated Involuntary- found soley in the walls of the heart highly resistant to
fatigue.
Why work in pairs – Because they cannot “push” the bone only pull it. One muscles pulls the
other relaxes. Two muscles two directions. Shoulder many muscles many directions. Stabilize
the joint and bones.
How do skeletal muscles work? Please give examples?
Skeletal System
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Function - create stability for the body
Joints - Name the types of joints
Hinge
elbow
pivot
leg fibula tibula
ball and socket shoulder,
saddle
thumb
gliding
vertebrae
ellipsoids
wrist
Characteristics of healthy – Calcium / strong
Show the many different ways joints work?
Endocrine
In the human body, a group of organs called glands make up the endocrine system. Glands make
hormones. These are chemicals that help control activities of the body.
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Glands
o Pituitary Size of pea most important, controls other glands growth
HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
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o
o
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Hypothalamus bridge between endocrine and nervous systems
Thyroid Controls the rate at which fuels are burned to create energy
Adrenal OUTER control balance of salt and water in the body
INNER blood pressure heart rate when under stress
o Pancreas Digestive system, sugar levels to maintain and store energy
o Reproductive Ovaries/ testes Puberty changes in the body.
Negative / Positive feedbacko Positive and negative does not mean desirable or not. The negative feedback loop tends
to slow down a process, while the positive feedback loop tends to accelerate it.
What is negative feedback? How does it work?
Nervous
The nervous system is the main controlling and communicating system of the body
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Function
o The first function is the gathering of information from the sensory receptors(gather)
o Deciding what to do with the gathered information (assess)
o Response required from gathered information and assessed response (respond)
Structure
o Dendrites, cell body, nucleus, axon
Kind
o
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Sensory (or afferent) neurons: send information from sensory receptors (e.g., in skin,
eyes, nose, tongue, ears) TOWARD the central nervous system.
o Motor (or efferent) neurons: send information AWAY from the central nervous system
to muscles or glands.
o Interneurons: send information between sensory neurons and motor neurons. Most
interneurons are located in the central nervous system
Nerve impulse travel
o
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Our nervous system is the control center for our body. It is about senses and action. Our
senses detect changes in our environment and send messages to the brain to tell the
body how to respond. Sensory neurons (nerve cells) carry information to our brain and
motor neurons carry messages away from our brain and to our muscles.
Do reaction times vary by age? Time of day? Gender?
HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
Muscular System
Types of muscle tissue:
The 3 types of muscle tissue are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac muscle cells are located in the
walls of the heart, appear striated, and are under involuntary control. Smooth muscle fibers are located
in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear spindle-shaped, and are also under
involuntary control. Skeletal muscle fibers occur in muscles which are attached to the skeleton. They are
striated in appearance and are under voluntary control
HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
Skeletal System- Joint Movement
Endocrine System
HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
Automatic Nervous System
HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
Types of Neurons
HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS