Download 21.02.17 Lecture 2.

PLAN OF THE LECTURES ON BIOCHEMISTRY FOR THE STUDENTS
OF GENERAL MEDICINE FACULTY. 2016-2017 YEAR, THE 4th TERM.
07.02.17 Lecture 1.
Carbohydrate metabolism regulation
21.02.17 Lecture 2.
Lipid metabolism. The most important lipids of human tissues. Lipid classification. Storage
lipids (neutral fat) and membrane lipids (complex lipids). Human body fatty acids. Basic
phospholipids and glycolipids: glycerophospholipids, sphingophospholipids, glycoglycerolipids,
glycosphingolipids. The structure and functions of phospholipids and glycolipids. Steroids.
Cholesterol as a precursor of other steroids. Dietary lipids and their digestion. Lipid essential
factors. Absorption of lipid digestion products. Disorders of lipid digestion and absorption.
Resynthesis of triacylglycerols in the small intestine.
07.03.17 Lecture 3.
Accumulation and mobilization of lipids in adipose tissue: regulation of neutral fat synthesis and
decomposition. The role of insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine. Serum albumin as a fatty acid
transporter. Physiological role of lipid accumulation and mobilization in adipose tissue. Fatty
acid oxidation. The sequence of reactions, energy yield. Ketone bodies: the synthesis and
utilization of acetoacetate. Ketonemia and ketonuria.
21.03.17 Lecture 4.
Fatty acid biosynthesis. The structure and functions of palmitate synthase. Neutral fat and
phospholipid biosynthesis. Cholesterol synthesis, its regulation.
28.03.17 Lecture 5.
The composition and structure of blood lipoproteins. Apoproteins, their functions. The formation
of chylomicrons. VLDL, LDL, HDL, their metabolism. The modern views on lipoprotein
transformations, lipid contents dynamics and apoprotein composition of circulating lipoproteins
in the blood plasma. Lipoprotein lipase, LCAT, their role in lipoprotein metabolism.
Atherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoprotein fractions. Hypercholesterolemia as a risk factor.
04.04.17 Lecture 6. Lipid composition of biological membranes and the structure of the lipid
bilayer. Membrane proteins, glycolipids and glycoproteins. Universal properties of membranes:
liquid character, cross asymmetry, selective permeability. The mechanisms of memrane
transport: simple diffusion, primary active transport (transport ATP-ases), secondary active
transport (symport and antiport). Membrane structure and function diversity. Membrane
metabolism. Lipid peroxidation: the formation of reactive oxygen species and their effects on
lipids and other substances. Rupture of membranes as a result of abnormal LPO activation.
Mechanisms of toxic oxygen effect protection: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione
peroxidase. Vitamin E and other antioxidants.
11.04.17 Lecture 7.
The chemical composition of connective tissue. Collagen: the
peculiarities of its amino acid composition, the primary and secondary structure, and
biosynthesis. The role of ascorbic acid in proline and lysine hydroxylation. Collagen fibers
formation. Collagen polymorphism. The peculiarities of elastin structure and functions.
Glucosaminoglycans and proteoglycans, their structure and functions. Extracellular matrix
structure. Connective tissue alterations in aging, collagenosis states, wound healing.
Hydroxyprolinuria in collagen associated diseases.
18.04.17 Lecture 8. Heme decomposition. Bilirubin detoxification. Direct-reacting and
indirect-reacting bilirubin. Disorders of bilirubin metabolism. Jaundice states: pre-hepatic
(hemolytic), hepatic (hepatocellular), and post-hepatic (obstructive). Diagnostic role of bilirubin
and other bile pigments determination in blood and in urine.
The essentiality of the term “toxicity”. Понятие «токсичность».
Metabolism of endogenous and foreign toxic substances: microsomal oxidation reactions and
conjugation reactions with glucuronic acid, glutathione, and sulfuric acid. Hereditary
peculiarities of drug metabolism.
25.04.17 Lecture 9.
02.05.17 Lecture 10. The most important proteins of myofibrils: myosin, actin, actomyosin.
Tropomyosin, troponin. Molecular structure of myofibrils. Biochemical mechanisms of muscle
contraction and relaxation. The peculiarities of skeletal muscle tissue energy metabolism, the
role of creatine phosphate. The peculiarities of myocardium metabolism.
16.05.17 Lecture 11. The chemical composition of nervous tissue: proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates, physiological active peptides, amino acids of the brain. Energy metabolism of
nervous tissue. The role of aerobic glucose decomposition. Neurotransmitters. Modern views on
the continuum of the brain peptide. Delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP), its antistress and
membrane protective effects.
Head of the Biochemistry Department,
professor
_____________________
(E.I.Erlykina)