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The Cost of the Industrial Revolution In the late 1800’s, the Industrial Revolution tore one country completely apart. An estimated 1 million people died. Brother fought brother, towns and cities were burned to the ground, families destroyed, millions of homes lost, and millions of people rendered destitute poor, without homes, jobs, money or food. The Cost of the Industrial Revolution What country was this? The United States of America The Border War 1854 -1865 The Border War 1854 -1865 What caused the American Civil War? Sub Title The Border War 1854 -1865 1800 - Slavery was on its way out compared to the value of what they could produce, it was expensive to maintain slaves. Cotton, the main crop of the American South, was a difficult crop to process; its fiber could only be separated from the sticky, embedded seeds by hand, The Border War 1854 -1865 What changed this situation? The Industrial Revolution. Sub Title The Border War 1854 -1865 How was the Industrial Revolution responsible for starting the American Civil War? Sub Title The Border War 1854 -1865 The invention of two new machines, combined with coal powered engines. Sub Title The Border War 1854 -1865 To this by 1840 . The Cotton Gin From this in 1800.. The Cotton Gin The Border War 1854 -1865 Add to that Looms that went from to this… thi s The Loom – producing high quality cloth cheaply and quickly The Border War 1854 -1865 The massive new Looms needed massive new Cotton Gin’s, which meant massive amounts of cotton were now sought, thus the south needed slaves to grow and pick cotton, like never before. Thousands of new slaves were The Border War 1854 -1865 On the road to the American Civil War, through complication political maneuvering, before the American Civil War there was the non-declared border war between the States of Missouri and Kansas. The Border War 1854 -1865 The name Bleeding Kansas refers to the violent sectional conflicts in the American Midwest in the mid to late 1850s. Also referred to as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, Bleeding Kansas was a very significant event in American History illustrating the depth of the struggle The Border War 1854 -1865 • Rising wheat prices made prairies more desirable to settle: .93/bushel 1851 to 2.50 1855 • Train lines expanded dramatically, allowing farmers to sell grain and cattle more easily • Four more rail lines proposed to link central states to west coast. • New mechanical inventions aid farming, making farming more profitable. The Border War 1854 -1865 Compromise of 1850 – provided temporary unity between north and south but could not remain effective forever. • California admitted as a free state no slavery allowed ; • Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory organized with slavery to be decided by local vote; • Slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C. but not slavery itself; The Border War 1854 -1865 Nebraska Kansas The Border War 1854 -1865 Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 - Organized Nebraska and Kansas as states and would allow local vote to decided whether the states would be slave or free. It was assumed that Kansas would be slave and that Nebraska would be a free state (no slavery) allowed as a result of the passage of the Act, but this assumption was not completely correct. The Border War 1854 -1865 First election 1854 was won by pro-slavery, but was only won because of Missourians (Missouri was a slave state) crossing river by the thousands to vote in Kansas on the side of slavery. The vote was finally declared to be invalid due to rampant cheating. The Border War 1854 -1865 Border Ruffians were southerners living in Missouri that crossed the border into Kansas in order to help the Southerners win the elections which would decide if the state would be slave or free. Ruffians hated Northerners and they initiated the Raid of Lawrence, Kansas. They crossed the state border and looted and burned buildings of the free soil community. The Raid of Lawrence is often thought as one of the The Border War 1854 -1865 Another notable “opening shot” of the Civil War in Bleeding Kansas was The Pottawatomie Massacre. The massacre was an anti-slavery attack on a proslavery settlement. Five proslavery men were taken from their homes and hacked to death in the attack. The Border War 1854 -1865 The Wakarusa War was a skirmish that took place in Kansas Territory during November 1855. The events that led to the Wakarusa War began on November 21, 1855, when a Free-Stater was shot and killed by a proslavery settler. Violent reprisals on both sides led to escalating tension. On December 1, 1855 a small army of Missourians, entered Kansas and attacked the city of Lawrence Kansas. Lawrence would be attacked again in the years to come. The Border War 1854 -1865 The battle of Osawatomie took place on August 30, 1856 when anti-slavery forces received warning that hundreds of pro-slavery fighters were approaching the town of Osawatomie and the anti-slavery side quickly assembled a small fighting force. This battle even went to an extreme of utilizing cannons, further illustrating how deeply divided the country had become. The Border War 1854 -1865 Wakarusa War Nov. - Dec. 1855 Sack of Lawrence May 21, 1856 The Free State Hotel at Lawrence, destroyed by proslavery forces, May 21, 1856 Pottawatomie Massacre May 24, 1856 Battle of Black Jack June 2, 1856 Battle of Franklin June 4-5, 1856 Dispersal of Topeka Legislature July 4, 1856 Battle of Fort Titus Aug. 16, 1856 Battle of Osawatomie Aug. 30, 1856 Battle of Hickory Point Sept. 13, 1856 Marais de Cygnes Massacre May 19, 1858 Battle of the Spurs January 31, 1859 Dr. John Doy trial March 4, 1859 John Ritchie kills Leonard Arms, Apr. 20, 1860 Morgan Walker raid Dec. 1860 The Border War 1854 -1865 Although the South had tried to get Kansas to become a slave state, Kansas became free in the end, reflecting a prevailing sentiment of antislavery. The murder and mayhem of Bleeding Kansas were not actual Civil War battles, but they foreshadowed the deadly conflict that was quickly approaching. The Border War 1854 -1865 Civil War Battles in Missouri The Border War 1854 -1865 Once the Civil War officially started in 1861, determined to punish Missouri secessionists, men from Kansas plundered the farms of suspected rebels (and more than a few unoffending Unionists). On September 22, the Kansans sacked the town of Osceola, killing as many as a dozen Confederates and helping themselves to anything that might be of use to would-be rebels. Joseph Trego, like many comrades, rode home to Kansas on a horse seized from a Missouri farm. “It does me good,” he wrote his wife, “to use the luxuries of these The Border War 1854 -1865 The “Bushwhackers” Pro-Confederate guerrillas, called by enemies as “bushwhackers,” usually in their late teens and twenties, many guerrillas, like Cole Younger, were the elder sons of Southern families. Some of these households owned slaves. The Border War 1854 -1865 Guerrilla violence, in addition to attacking federal troops, sabotaged bridges, railroads, and telegraph lines. Mounted on horseback and wielding pistols, guerrillas typically struck quickly, and their familiarity with the surrounding landscape enabled them to hide easily. Bushwhackers preyed upon Union households in Missouri and Kansas alike, and like jayhawkers across the state line, they employed terror as both a means and an end. The Border War 1854 -1865 Confederate leaders were not sure about guerrilla fighters in Missouri and elsewhere. On one hand, they were useful, serving to tie down vastly larger numbers of Union forces. On the other hand, the bushwhackers’ tactics of arson, robbery, and murder seemed to cross the bounds of honorable combat. The Border War 1854 -1865 After the war was over, and the South had lost, many of the former southern guerrilla fighters continued the war in their own way by robbing “Union” targets, such as Banks and Trains. These guerrilla fighters turned armed bandits often robbed together in families and were protected from the “Union” law by friends, neighbors and relatives. As most of these gangs were ex-guerrilla fighters they were practiced, effective and frightening in their new careers as The Border War 1854 -1865 Not only as ex-guerrilla fighters they were practiced, effective and frightening in their new careers as bandits, but they strongly hated the people and places they were stealing from. They felt they had been wrongfully hurt by the Union and want money and death as their vengeance. They vowed to never stop attacking (robbing from) the Union until caught or killed. The Border War 1854 -1865 This movie uses actual events and dialog. In order to maintain accuracy all the brothers in the movie were played by actors who were actually brothers. Main Individuals Cole Younger – Civil War Guerrilla Fighter James (Jim) Younger – Civil War Guerrilla Fighter Bob Younger – Too young to be in the war Frank James – Civil War Guerrilla Fighter Jesse James – Civil War Guerrilla Fighter Clell Miller – Civil War Guerrilla Fighter Ed Miller - Too young to be in the war http://www.civilwarstlouis.com/history/jamesgangoutlaws.htm The Border War 1854 -1865 The Younger's surrendered and pleaded guilty to murder in order to avoid execution. Frank and Jesse secured horses and fled west across southern Minnesota, turning south just inside the border of the Dakota Territory. In the face of hundreds of pursuers and a nationwide alarm, Frank and Jesse escaped, but the infamous James–Younger Gang was no more. On September 23, 1876, the Younger brothers were taken to the Rice County jail in Faribault. On November 16, a grand jury issued four indictments — one each for the first-degree murders of Joseph Heywood and Nicholas Gustafson, one for bank robbery, and one for assault with deadly weapons on the wounded bank clerk, Bunker. The three brothers pleaded guilty on November 20, 1876 and were sentenced to life terms in the state penitentiary at Stillwater. Jesse, however, did not adapt well to peace. Accordingly, he gathered up new recruits, formed a new gang and returned to a life of crime. On October 8, 1879, Jesse and his gang robbed the Chicago and Alton Railroad near Glendale, Missouri. Unfortunately for Jesse, one of the men Tucker Basham, was captured by a posse. He told authorities he had been recruited by Bill Ryan. On September 3, 1880, Jesse James and Bill Ryan robbed a stagecoach near Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. On October 5, 1880, they robbed the store of John Dovey in Mercer, Kentucky. On March 11, 1881, Jesse, Ryan, and his cousin Wood Hite robbed a federal The Border War 1854 -1865 Suggested Reading: Benedict, Bryce. Jayhawkers: The Civil War Brigade of James Henry Lane. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2009. Fellman, Michael. Inside War: The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri During the Civil War. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Goodrich, Thomas. Black Flag: Guerrilla Warfare on the Western Border, 1861-1865. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995. Neely, Jeremy. The Border Between Them: Violence and Reconciliation on the KansasMissouri Line. Columbia London: University of Missouri Press, 2007. Sutherland, Daniel E. A Savage Conflict: The Decisive Roles of Guerrillas in the American Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009. Younger, Cole. The Story of Cole Younger by Himself, 2000. The Border War 1854 -1865 April 12, 1861 April 9, 1865