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Greek City-States Greek calendar was in Olympiads, 4 year intervals beginning in 776 BCE, year of lst Olympic Games Wars of Hellenic Greece War Persian Wars Early 5th c. BCE 490-445 BCE Battles of Marathon 490; Thermopylae, Salamis 480 Historian: Herodotus Delian League—Athens moves treasury from Delos to Athens in 454 Peloponnesian War 432 – 404 Historian: Thucydides Between Peloponnesian League led by Sparta and Delian League led by Athens 431 Pericles’ funeral oration 404 Athens surrenders to Sparta, brief period of thirty tyrants before democracy restored. 399 Socrates sentenced by Athenian jury War Wars of Hellenistic Era Philip of Macedon conquers Athens 338 336-323 Alexander the Great spread conquest to Asian Minor Romans conquered Hellenistic States, 2nd and 1st centuries BCE Types of Government in self-governing city-states Aristotle, Politics: Government by 1 Government by Few Government by Many For good of state For Good of Ruler Monarchy Despotism Aristocracy Oligarchy Polity Mobocracy Types of Government… Athens: Law makers Solon (increase power of poor) and Cleisthenes (30 regions of polis for voting, ostracism for expelling potential tyrant) Golden Age of Pericles: Considered by Greeks to be a Democracy Popular Assembly, Ecclesia of about 5000 votes directly on hillside Council of 500; Board of 10 Generals elected annually (leading General Pericles) Citizen women “secluded” in women’s quarter, yet playwrights imagine strong women characters. Tradesmen and tradeswomen. Slaves Types of Government… Sparta: Legislator Lycurgus in account of Xenophon Considered by Greeks to be oligarchy 2 kings, council of elders, all men 7 to 50 in military barracks Citizen women control property and are known for health Helots—subjugated agricultural workers. Greek Speculation on Justice Pericles-“Funeral Oration” as recorded by Thucydides Sophocles, Antigone- Arbitrary ruler’s law versus divine law Aristotle-Politics and Nicomachean Ethics Plato’s Crito on Socrates refusing to sneak out of Athens after trial
