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Download Abdominal Cavity - COFFEE BREAK CORNER
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Abdominal Cavity Planes Identification Transpyloric plane -‐lower border of L1 -‐between the tip of 9th cc Structures -‐Pylorus and 1st part of duodenum -‐Neck of pancreas -‐Fundus of gall bladder -‐Origin of superior -‐ mesenteric artery -‐Origin of portal vein -‐Hilum of the kidney -‐End of spinal cord Subcostal plane -‐L3 -‐between the lower points of the costal margin ( below the 10th cc) -‐3rd part of duodenum -‐origin of the inferior mesenteric artery Intercristal plane -‐L4 -‐between the highest point at the iliac crest intertubercular plane -‐L5 -‐between the tubercles of the iliac crest -‐bifurcation of abdominal aorta -‐beginning of the IVC Peritoneum Definition: serous membrane lining the wall of the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera Organization: (a) Parietal layer: lines the wall of the abdomen and is separated from the wall by extraperitoneal fatty tissue (b) Visceral layer: covers the organs (viscera) and forms folds of peritoneum connecting the viscera to the abdominal wall ** the 2 layers are separated by a potential space called the peritoneal cavity Peritoneal folds: 1. Omentum: stomach a. Greater omentum b. Lesser omentum 2. Mesentery: small intestine 3. Mesocolon: large intestine 4. Ligaments: liver and spleen -‐falciform lig -‐coronary and triangular lig -‐Gastrophrenic lig -‐lienorenal lig Function: transmit vessels, nerves and lymphatics to supply the viscera Blood and nerve supply: Parietal layer Visceral layer Nerve supply a. Lower 6 thoracic nerves Autonomic nerves of the related to the viscera b. Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves c. Phrenic nerve to roof Painful Sensitive to pain Sensitive to stretch Blood supply From those of the body wall From those of the related viscera Lymph drainage Join those of the body wall Join those of the related viscera Peritoneal cavity: potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum ** in male: closed sac In female: uterine tube opens into the peritoneal cavity Contents: Normally: contains a film of serous fluid to allow for the mobility of the viscera Abnormal: 1. Excessive serous fluid (ascitis) 2. Pus ( peritonitis) 3. Blood (internal hge) Divisions: Greater sac : main compartment Lesser sac: behind stomach ** two sacs will communicate through opening of the lesser sac called epiploic foramen (Foramen of Winslow) Greater sac and Lesser sac (omental bursa) Anterior wall / compartment Greater sac Anterior to the lesser omentum, stomach and greater omentum Posterior wall Anterior to the posterior abdominal wall Roof Floor Right border Left border Lesser sac Caudate lobe of liver Lesser omentum Stomach Ant 2 layers of greater omentum Post 2 layers of greater omentum Transverse colon Transverse mesocolon Peritoneum covering stomach bed (except spleen) Peritoneum lining the diaphragm Fusion of the ant and post 2 layers of the greater omentum Right border of the greater omentum Epiploic foramen Left border of the greater omentum Hilum of the spleen Epiploic foramen: Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior Free margin of lesser omentum containing: -‐bile duct (ant and to the right) -‐hepatic artery (ant and to the left) -‐portal vein (behind both) IVC Caudate process of caudate lobe of liver 1st part of duodenum
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