Download Global and Community Health

Emerging Infectious Diseases: Focus on
Ebola
Maryam Othman MD, MPH
Director, Global & Community Health
Assistant Professor, Western University of Health science
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1pUoYBbEpI
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging infectious diseases cab defined as infectious
that have newly appeared in the population, or have
existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or
geographic range
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Reasons Behind the Spread
1. The global human population explosion
2. Human travel and commerce
3. Changes in human behavior
4. Other reasons include:
 The breakdown of public health systems
 Poverty War Famine.
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Emerging Diseases in The US
Disease (source)
Cases
Outcome
Year
West Nile Virus (Israel)
Thousands
Endemic
1999
SARS (China)
8096
Controlled
2003
Monkeypox (Africa)
71
Controlled
2003
Novel Flu H1N1 (Mexico)
Thousands
Endemic
2009
MERS-CoV (Arabian Peninsula)
Hundreds
Epidemic
2014
Enterovirus D68
Hundreds
Epidemic
2014
Ebola
Thousands
Epidemic
2014
http://www.cdc.gov/about/report/2013/reports/emerging-infectious-diseases.html
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Global and Community Health
Ebola: Epidemiology
• Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly
known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever,
is a sever, often fatal illness in
humans (case fatality rate of up to
90%)
• Current outbreak in Africa, largest
ever recorded.
• The natural reservoir of the virus is
suspected to be bats
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Ebola: Epidemiology
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2014 Ebola Outbreak – Case Counts
Country
Total cases
Total Deaths
Guinea
1519
862
Liberia
4249
2484
Sierra Leone
3410
1200
Senegal
1
0
Spain
1
0
Nigeria
20
8
United States
3
1
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/case-counts.html
Global and Community Health
Ebola: Epidemiology
• Transmission occurs via contact
with infected human body fluids
(blood, saliva, vomitus, stool,
semen, breast milk, and tears)
• Nosocomial transmission
( hospital-acquired infection ) is a
key driver of outbreaks
• The incubation period is 2-21
days
Global and Community Health
You Can get Ebola from:
• Touching the blood or body
fluids of a person who is sick
with or has died from Ebola.
• Touching contaminated
objects, like needles.
• Touching infected animals,
their blood or other body
fluids, or their meat.
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/resources/infographics.html
Global and Community Health
Usted solo puede contraer el virus
del Ébola por lo siguiente
• Al tocar la sangre o los
líquidos corporales de una
persona que tiene la
enfermedad del Ébola o que
murió por ella.
• Al tocar objetos
contaminados, como agujas.
• Al tocar animales infectados,
su sangre, otros líquidos
corporales o su carne.
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/resources/infographics.html
Global and Community Health
Ebola: Clinical
• Ebola start with flu-like illness: fever, sever headache, muscle
pain and weakness vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
• Hemorrhagic symptoms include rash, bruising, and bleeding
from any puncture sites.
• The late stage of the disease: shock, seizures, organ failure, coma
and death.
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Ebola: Diagnosis & Treatment
• Diagnostic testing
 Blood test performed by
special laboratories.
• Treatment:
 No vaccine available
(only experimental)
 No FDA approved specific treatment (only experimental)
 Treatment is focused on supportive & symptomatic care
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Ebola – WiRED International
See it here: http://www.wiredhealthresources.net/mod-ebola.html
Download it here: http://www.wiredhealthresources.net/training/fillingstation.html
Global and Community Health
Ebola and Influenza
 Influenza and Ebola
may share some of the
same symptoms, but
there is very low risk of
catching Ebola and very
high risk for catching
the flu.
 The flu virus is much
more common and
more easily spread than
Ebola.
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Global and Community Health