Download Control Components - Springburn Academy

Product Design
Control Components
These icons indicate that teacher’s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page.
This icon indicates that the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not editable.
For more detailed instructions, see the Getting Started presentation.
1 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Learning objectives
Learning objectives
To be able to identify common electronic and
mechanical components.
To understand the functions and uses of common
electronic and mechanical components.
2 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
What are control components?
Any system depends on a number of components to
make it work.
In the majority of cases, these components are electronic or
mechanical.
In many systems, electronic components provide control
over mechanical devices and they work in conjunction with
each other to perform tasks, e.g. a production line.
Components can also link into a system via a computer.
In this case, components are plugged into an interface unit
so that the PC can interpret the signals and use them in a
program.
3 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Inputs, processes and outputs
4 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Different types of control components
5 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Programmable integrated circuits (PICS)
PICs are programmable ICs which can accept information
from a range of input sensors.
They are also able to process and store information in
order to drive an output.
The ‘processing’ part is usually worked out using a computer
with specialist software; the whole program is then ‘burnt’ onto
the chip so that it becomes a stand-alone chip, specifically
programmed to work for a particular task.
PIC chips can be used over and over again and will process
both analogue and digital sensors.
6 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
What are mechanisms?
Mechanisms are concerned with movement and force in a
system.
Motion can also be converted from one form to another via
different mechanisms.
There are 4 types of motion:
linear
rotary
reciprocating
and oscillating.
7 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
What is linear motion?
Linear motion is the most basic of all the motions. If an object
is moving in linear motion, it is travelling in a straight line.
A good example of a object that moves in a linear
motion is a train.
8 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
What is rotary motion?
Rotary motion moves in circles.
Rotary motion is fairly common
and can be found in a number of
objects…
…for example,
in a wheel.
9 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
What is reciprocating motion?
Reciprocating motion is the motion of an object when it
moves backwards and forwards.
An example of reciprocating motion is the action a person
would make when using a hand bike pump.
10 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
What is oscillating motion?
Oscillating motion is a motion that is a cross between linear
motion and reciprocating motion. It involves backwards and
forwards motion, but in an arc rather than a straight line.
Pendulums and metronomes
move in an oscillating
motion.
11 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
What are gears?
Gears play a major role in mechanisms.
They are discs with toothed edges, which
rotate around a central axle. They come in a
variety of sizes and are used to change the
direction and speed of motion. However, the
motion always remains rotary in nature.
A worm gear can change the
rotary motion by 90 degrees, as
well as affecting the speed.
12 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Gears test
13 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
What are levers?
Levers are an essential
part of many mechanisms.
They can be used to
change the strength and
direction of movement.
Levers magnify the strength of forces. The longer the lever,
the more the force is magnified.
The fixed point of a lever is known as the fulcrum.
Two common examples of everyday levers are a pair of
scissors and a seesaw.
14 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Levers test
15 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
What are cams?
Cams are used to convert rotary
motion into reciprocating motion.
The motion that is created can be
simple and regular…
…or complex and irregular.
Cam
follower
Cam
16 of 19
The cam follower follows
the profile of the cam.
The cam must be well
designed to produce the
motion required.
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
What are pulleys?
Pulleys
Pulleys are used to transfer motion. They work
under rotary motion. Motion is passed along a
pulley belt causing more pulleys to turn.
You can twist the belt, causing the
rotary motion to change direction.
The size of the pulley wheels
determines the speed of motion –
this can be altered accordingly.
Pulleys can also increase the strength of a
force, and are useful for lifting heavy objects.
17 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Pulleys test
18 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Key points
LDRs are sensitive to light.
Key points
Thermistors are sensitive to heat.
A solenoid converts electromagnetic energy into
reciprocating movement.
LEDs are used for visual signals. They only use small
amounts of current and so a resistor is placed in
series with the LED to protect it.
PIC chips store information about inputs and outputs
and can be re-used. They accept both digital and
analogue signals.
Mechanisms are concerned with movement.
A lever provides mechanical advantage.
19 of 19
© Boardworks Ltd 2005