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EYELIDS
LACRIMAL
ATLAS OF
OPHTHALMOLOGY
CONJUNCTIVA
CORNEA
SCLERA
LENS
THE EYELIDS
MENU
THE EYELIDS
NORMAL ANATOMY
MENU
THE EYELIDS
NORMAL ANATOMY
MENU
THE EYELIDS
NORMAL ANATOMY
MENU
THE EYELIDS
NORMAL ANATOMY
MENU
THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Congenital entropion
MENU
THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Involutional (senile) entropion
MENU
THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Cicatricial entropion
MENU
THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Congenital ectropion
MENU
THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Involutional (senile) lower lid ectropion
MENU
THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Mechanical ectropion
MENU
THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Cicatricial lower lid ectropion
MENU
THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
paralytic ectropion
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID RETRACTION (dysthyroid eye)
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID RETRACTION (dysthyroid eye)
 Lid retraction can be better assessed in downgaze.
MENU
THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
 Right ptosis and apparent retraction of the contralateral
upper lid due to increased neuronal stimulation of this
levator.
MENU
THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Congenital ptosis
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THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Right involutional ptosis.
MENU
THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Paralytic ptosis (III nerve palsy)
MENU
THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Horner’s syndrome (sympathetic paralysis)
MENU
THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Marcus Gunn (Jaw-winking ) ptosis.
MENU
THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Ocular myopathy
MENU
THE EYELIDS
(Dermatochalasis)
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
Horduolum enternum
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
Chalazion
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
Cyst of moll
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
A cyst of Zeis
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
Sebaceous cysts
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
Xanthelasma
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
squamous papilloma
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Seborrhoeic keratosis
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Actinic or solar keratosis
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
A keratoanthoma
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Haemangiomas
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Neurofibroma
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Basal cell carcinoma (rodent ulcer )
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Basal cell carcinomas spread by direct
extension
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Squamous cell carcinoma
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Malignant melanoma
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Meibomian gland carcinoma
MENU
THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
The more generalized form of meibomian
gland carcinoma
MENU
THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
Epicanthic folds
MENU
THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
Blepharophimosis
MENU
THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
A Congenital lid coloboma
MENU
TRAUMA
THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
Full thickness loss of eyelid tissue, as in
this case following a caustic burn
MENU
THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
Avulsion of the lower eyelid
MENU
THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
Upper lid lacerations lacerations
MENU
THE LACRIMAL
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
APPLIED ANATOMY
Anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology of the lacrimal pump mechanism
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PHYSIOLOGY
Increased marginal strip stained with fluorescein
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PROBING
Hard stop ; right : soft stop
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
JONES DYE TESTING
 Jones dye testing. Top : primary test, bottom: secondary test
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DACRYOCYSTOGRAM
 Right dacryocystogram showing free flow of contrast
medium into the nose despite mild stenosis of the common
canaliculus.
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DACRYOCYSTOGRAM
 Bilateral dacryocystogram. Right shows some irregularioty
of the common canaliculus , although contrast medium
passes through an otherwise patent lacrimal system. Left
shows complete obstruction high in the sac.
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PUNCTAL DILATATION
Technique of dilating the inferior punctum
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PUNCTAL SURGERY
 Two-snip procedure for punctal stenosis: (a) vertical cut; (b)
horizontal cut; (C) final result .
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PUNCTAL ECTROPION
Punctal stenosis due to mild eversion
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CONGENETAL NASOLACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION
 Sticky eye due to delayed canalization of the nasolacrimal
duct .
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
ACUTE DACRYOSTITIS
 Acute dacryostitis secondary to delayed canalization of the
nasolacrimal duct
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PROBING OF THE NASOLACRIMAL DUCT
Technique of probing of the nasolacrimal duct
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DACRYOCYSISTORHINOSTOMY
Technique of dacryocysistorhinostomy
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CANALICULITIS
 Oedema of the left canaliculus due to chronic
canaliculitis
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CHRONIC CANALICULITIS
 Pouting of the punctum in the patient with
chronic canaliculitis.
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CHRONIC CANALICULITIS
 Expressed concretions in a patient with
chronic canaliculitis .
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
ACUTE DACRYOCYSTITIS
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
ACUTE DACRYOCYSTITIS
 Distension of the lacrimal in a patient with acute
dacryocystitis.
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS
 Mucocele in a patient with chronic
dacryocystitis
MENU
THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS
 Expression of mucopurulent material in a
patient with chronic dacryocystitis.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
ANATOMY
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
Conjunctival follicles
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
 Conjunctival papillae involving the upper tarsal
conjunctiva.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
Severe chemosis
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
Scaming of the inferior forniceal conjunctiva
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
Conjunctival pseudomembrane
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
Removal of a conjunctival pseudomembrane
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Severe crusting of the eyelids in bacterial
conjunctivitis
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Mucopurulent discharge in bacterial conjunctivitis
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
 Purulent discharge in adult gonococcat conjunctivitis.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
 Superior tarsal injection and follicles in severe
adenoviral conjunctivitis.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
 Subconjunctival haemorrhages in severe adenociral
conjunctivitis.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
 Conjunctival pseudomembrane in severe adenoviral
conjunctivitis.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Adenoviral keratitis
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Adenoviral keratitis
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
HERPES SIMPLEX CONJUNCTIVITIS
Herpes simplex biepharoconjunctivitis
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
 Large follicles in the inferior fornix fomix in adult chlamydial
conjunctivitis .
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
 Follicles and papillae on the
conjunctiva in early active trachoma
superior
tarsal
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
 Follicles involving the superior palpebral conjunctiva
in adult chlamydial conjunctivits .
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
Marginal infiltrates in adut chlamydial conjunctivitis
(HERBERT ROSETTES )
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
 Superior micropannus in longstanding chlamydial
conjunctivitis .
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
 Scarring of upper tarsal conjunctiva (Arlt line ) in
chronic trachoma.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
Herbert pits in trachoma
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
 Trichiasis and comeal vascularization in advanced
trachoma.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
 Entropoin of the upper eyelid in advanced trachoma.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
 Milky appearance of the conjunctiva in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis .
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
 Conjunctival hyperaemia and diffuse papillary hypertrophy of
the superior tarsal conjunctiva in mild vernal conjunctivitis .
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
 Giant ‘cobblestone‘ papillae on the superior tarsal
conjunctiva in severe vernal conjunctivits .
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
 Giant papillae and copious mucus on the superior
tarsus in advanced vernal conjunctivitis.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
 Gelatinous superior limbal elevations with overlying
fine white plaques (Trantas dots) in vernal limbitis.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
 Punctate epitheliopathy stained with fluorescein, in
vernal disease.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
 Marcroerosion stained with fluorescein in vernal disease.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
Corneal plaque in vernal disease
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
Subepithelial scarring in vernal disease.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
Supratarsal injection of steroid in severe vernal
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
The three layers of the precorneal tear film MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
 Function of the mucin layer Left : in mucin defiency, the aqueous layer
(blue) cannot wet the corneal epithelium,; right : a normal amount of mucin
(red) enables wetting of the corneal epithelium by the aqueous layer (blue).
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
Punctate epitheliopathy in keratoconjunctivitis sicca
(Stained with rose bengal).
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
Corneal filaments in keratoconjunctivi\it is sicca
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
Break-up of the tear film .
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
 Mild staining of the conjunctiva with rose bengal in
keratoconjunctivitis sicca .
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
 Extensive staining with rose bengal in keratoconjunctivitis
sicca .
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
Schirmer test
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Pinguecula
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Early pterygium
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Established pterygium
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Advanced pterygium
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Pseudopterygium
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Conjunctival concretions (PTCs)
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Conjunctival retention cyst
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNTIVAL LESIONS
Conjunctival epithelial melanosis
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
BIGMENTED CONJUNTIVAL LESIONS
Melanosis around an intrascleral nerve
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
BIGMENTED CONJUNTIVAL LESIONS
Deposits of mascara in the inferior fornix
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNTIVAL LESIONS
Conjunctival adrenochrome deposits
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNTIVAL LESIONS
Congenital subepithelial melanocytosis
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL LESIONS
Non-pigmented conjunctival naevus
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL LESIONS
Pigmented conjunctival neavus
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL LESIONS
Naevus of the caruncle
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNCTIVAL MELANOMA
Primary conjunctival melanoma
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNCTIVAL MELANOMA
Non-pigmented conjunctival melanoma
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNCTIVAL MELANOMA
Pigmented conjunctival melanoma
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Multiple pedunculated conjunctival papillomas
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Sessile conjunctival papilloma
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Large juxtalimbal conjuctival papilloma
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Large juxtalimbal conjunctival papillome
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Conjunctival intraepithelial hyperplasia
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
 Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva invading
the cornea.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
 Large squamous cell carcinoma of the
conjunctiva.
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
 Very extensive squamous cell carcinoma of the
conjunctiva inading the cornea .
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Dermoid of the right eye
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Dermoid
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Lipodermoid
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Comjunctival kaposi sarcoma
MENU
THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Conjunctival lymphoma
MENU
THE CORNEA
MENU
THE CORNEA
APPLIED CORNEAL ANATOMY
MENU
THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Punctate epithelial erosions- unstaind
MENU
THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Punctate epithelial erosions stained with flurescein
MENU
THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Conrneal epithelial edema
MENU
THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Bullous keratopathy
MENU
THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Corneal filaments and mucus plaques stained with rose
MENU
THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Punctate epithelial keratitis
MENU
THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Corneal pannus
MENU
THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Stromal infitrate
MENU
THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Stromal infitrate
MENU
THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Stromal Vascularization
MENU
THE CORNEA
SPECULAR MICROSCOPE
 Top: specular microscope; bottom: appearance
of the normal endothelium .
MENU
THE CORNEA
CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY
 Corneal map showing a normal, spherical in an
absolute scale ranging from 34 to 540 with 1D intervals
MENU
THE CORNEA
CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY
 Relative scale corneal maps showing advanced
keratoconus in the right eye ana an early paracentral
cone in the left . `
MENU
THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
 Small corneal infiltrate in early bacteria keratitis .
MENU
THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
 Large corneal infitrate in bacterial keratitis .
MENU
THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
 Severe staphylococcal keratitis
MENU
THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
 Advanced staphylococcal keratitis
MENU
THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
 Severe pseudomonas keratitis with hypopyon .
MENU
THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
 Very advanced pseudomonas keratitis
MENU
THE CORNEA
FUNGAL KERATITIS
 Filamentous fungal keratitis
MENU
THE CORNEA
FUNGAL KERATITIS
 Advanced filamentous fungal keratitis with surrounding
infiltrateds .
MENU
THE CORNEA
FUNGAL KERATITIS
 Advanced filamentous fungal with hypopyon
MENU
THE CORNEA
ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
 Anterior stromal infitrates in acanthamoeba keratitis
MENU
THE CORNEA
ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
 Ring abscess and hypopyon
MENU
THE CORNEA
INTERSTITIAL KERATITIS
 Stromal scarring in old interstitial keratitis
MENU
THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
 Blepharoconjunctivitis
simplex infection .
in
primary
herpes
herpes
MENU
THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
 Early dendritic ulcer
MENU
THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
 Small dendritic ulcer stained with fluorescein
MENU
THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
 Large dendritic ulcer stained with fluorescein .
MENU
THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
 Geogragraphic ulcer stained with fluorescein .
MENU
THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
 Stromal necrotic keratitis in herpes simplex .
MENU
THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
 Advanced stromal necrotic keratitis in herpes simplex
.
MENU
THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
 Disciform keratitis showing stromal thickening and
keratic precipitates .
MENU
THE CORNEA
HERPES ZOSTER .
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA
AND EPISCLERA
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
ANATOMY
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
ANATOMY
 Applied anatomy of the anterior vascular coats in relation to
episcleritis and scleritis.
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Nodular episcleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Nodular episcleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Simple sectorial episcleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Nodular anterior scleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Simple diffuse episcleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Diffuse anterior scleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Nodular non-necrotizing anterior scleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Necrotizing anterior scleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Necrotizing anterior scleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Necrotizing anterior scleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Avacular patch in early necrotizing scleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
 Thinning following resolution of an anterior diffuse
necrotizing scleritis.
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Sclerokeratitis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Scleromalacia perforans
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
 Scleral necrosis in necrotizing anterior scleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Advanced scleral necrosis in necrotizing anterior
scleritis.
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Advanced scleromalacia
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Subretinal exudation in posterior scleritis.
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
 This eye was enucleated for glaucoma secondary to sclerkeratitis.
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
 CT scan showing right posterior scleral thickening in posterior
scleritis
MENU
DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
Ultrasonogram in severe posterior scleritis showing
scleral thickening, and fluid in sub-Tenon space
which gives rise to the characterisitc’T’ sign
MENU
THE LENS
MENU
THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
MENU
THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
MENU
THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
 The lens in the aged is greatly increased in sagittal width compared with
that in childhood .
MENU
THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
 This histological section shows the anterior surface of the lens near
to the equator .
MENU
THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
Lens fibers are hexagonal in shape and lie in layers
rather like the skin of an onion .
MENU
THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
MENU
THE LENS
Marfan’s syndrome is a dominantly inherited disorder which affects the eye,
skeleton and cardiovascular system and is due to a deficiency of fibrillin, a
component of the microfibrillary system associated with elastin and encoded
on chromosome 15 q . The lens tends to dislocate upwards (in contrast to
homocystinuria).
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THE LENS
ABNORMAL POSITION
Lens subluxation
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THE LENS
CATARACT
This diagram illustrates the different morphological characteristics
of cataract together with their depth and location within the lens. The
following illustrations demonstrate clinical examples of these
anatomical entities.
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Capsular cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Subcapsular Catarct
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Subcapsular Catarct
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Senile posterior subcapsular cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Senile posterior subcapsular cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Traumatic cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
punctate cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Coronary cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Coronary cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Nuclear Cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
lamellar cataract ( zonular cataract )
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THE LENS
CATARACT
lamellar cataract ( zonular cataract )
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Nuclear Cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Nuclear Cataract (brown cataract)
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Posterior Subcapsular Cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Mature Senile Cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Intumescent Cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Hypermature cataract (morgagnian cataract)
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Unilateral Congenital Cataract Childhood
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital lameller cataract
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital nuclear cataract
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital nuclear cataract
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital lamellar cataract
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital lamellar cataract
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital sutural cataract
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital anteruir polar cataract
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital anterior polar pyramidal cataract
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital anterior polar cataract and persistent
pupillary membrane
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital posterior polar cataract
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital blue dot opacities
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Membranous Cataract
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Coloboma of the lens
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Posterior lenticouns
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Anterior lenticonus
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Microphakia
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
 Microspherophakic lens dislocated into the anterior
chamber
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Upward lens subluxation in Marfan syndrome
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Upward lens subluxation in Marfan syndrome
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THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Inferior lens subluxation in homocysteinuria
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THE LENS
SURGERY OF CONGENITAL CATARACT
Lensectomy-vitrectomy
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THE LENS
SURGERY OF CONGENITAL CATARACT
Use of intraocular scissors and forceps
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THE LENS
SURGERY OF CONGENITAL CATARACT
(a) : advanced congenital cataract; (b): appearance
after lensectomy.
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THE LENS
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
 Capsular
opacification
cataract surgery.
following
congenital
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THE LENS
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
 Soemmerring ring following congenital cataract
surgery.
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Aphakic Glasses
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Corneal Edema
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
After Cataract
 Soft lens matter remains the anterior chamber following inadequate
removal of cortex
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Pupillary distortion
 Vitreous loss with entrapment in the wound and distortion of the
pupil.
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Uveitis
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Iris Prolapse
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Astigmatism
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Opicified posterior capsule
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Yag laser capsulotomy
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Decentralization of intraocular lens
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Iris capture of a posterior chamber implant
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Posterior Synechiae
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Cystoid Macular Edema
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Anterior subcapsular cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Nuclear catarct
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Nuclear cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Advanced cortical cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Mature cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT

Hypermature cataract with wrinkling of the anterior
lens capsule
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Morgagnian cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Diabetic cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Anterior Subcapsular Cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Posterior subcapsular cataract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Mature catract
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Cataract caused by severe penetrating trauma
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Vossious ring after severe blunt trauma
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THE LENS
CATARACT
Flower-shaped cataract caused by severe blunt trauma
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THE LENS
SEONDARY CATARACT
 Anterior subcapsular opacities in chronic anterior uveitis.
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THE LENS
SEONDARY CATARACT
 Advanced cataract and posterior synechiae in chronic
anterior uveitis
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THE LENS
SEONDARY CATARACT
 Anterior capsular opacity following acute angle-closure
glaucoma (glaukomflecken).
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THE LENS
MANAGEMENT OF CATARACT
Extracapsular cataract extraction extraction
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THE LENS
MANAGEMENT OF CATARACT
Extracapsular cataract extraction
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THE LENS
MANAGEMENT OF CATARACT
Phacoemulsificatication
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Nuclear material in the vitreous
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
lris prolapse
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Striate keratopathy following cataract extraction
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Very severe keratopathy following cataract extraction
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Fibrinous exudation in severe acute endophthalmitis
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Fibrinous exudation and hypopyon in severe acute
endophthalmitis .
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Vitreous haze in acute endophthalmitis
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Small hypopyon
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Retained lens material in the anterior chamber
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
fibrosis of the posterior capsule
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THE LENS
Technique of Nd : YAG laser capsulotomy
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Decentration of a posterior chamber intraocular implant
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
 Severe keratopathy caused
intraocular implant
by an anterior chamber
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Late dislocation of a posterior chamber intraocular implant
(sunset syndrome)
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Mutton-fat keratic precipitates in chronic postoperative
endophthalmitis
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THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
White plaque on the posterior capsule in chronic postoperative
endophthalmitis
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