Download Resp, Circ and Nerv Test review answers

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Respiratory, Circulatory, and Nervous Systems Test Review
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1.
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Write the definition of:
Homeostasis- an organism’s ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions change
Stimulus- a change in an organism’s environment that causes a response
Response- a reaction to something (to a stimuli)
2. List the levels of organization from the smallest to the largest.
Cell – tissue – organ – organ system - organism
Respiratory System:
3. What is the function of the respiratory system? The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply the
blood with oxygen in order for the blood to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. The respiratory system does
this through breathing. When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
4. Label the diagram: 1. Nasal cavity 2. Oral cavity 3. Larynx 4. Lung 5. Bronchus 6. Diaphragm 7. Pharynx
8. trachea 9. Bronchus 10. Bronchioles 11. alveoli
5. Define breathing: Breathing is the process that moves air in and out of the lungs, or oxygen through other breathing
organs such as gills. For organisms with lungs, breathing is also called ventilation, which includes
both inhalation and exhalation
6. Explain how the diaphragm makes breathing possible. The diaphragm is a muscle that works to make your
chest cavity larger. It contracts and relaxes allowing air into and out of the lungs.
During inhalation – diaphragm contracts and moves downward, ribs move out
During exhalation – diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, ribs move inward
7. What 2 waste products leave the body when we exhale? CO2 and Water vapor
8. What is the function of the alveoli? Air sacs at the end of the bronchiole tubes, which hold residual air…also the
location where CO2 is exchanged for O2.
9. Why is it important that our breathing rate increases as physical activity increases? Because it will increase the
amount of oxygen going to the various cells in the body
Circulatory System:
10. What is the function of the circulatory system? To carry digested foods, oxygen, wastes, and other materials to
all parts of an animal’s body
11.
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Study the Coronary Circulation, the heart diagram, study circulation notes.
Know the parts of the heart
Blood pathway or flow through the heart
Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood areas of the heart
12. Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall? Left ventricle Why is this important? Pushing blood to the
whole body!!!
13. List the functions of the blood:
a. Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to all your body cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from your body cells
into your blood. Your blood carries carbon dioxide to your lungs to be exhaled
b.
Blood carries waste products from your cells to your kidneys to be removed
c.
Blood transport nutrients and other substances to your body cells
d.
Cells and molecules in blood fight infections and help heal wounds.
14. What two body systems work together to carry oxygen to the cells and carry carbon dioxide to the lungs?
Circulatory and respiratory
15. What is the general pathway the blood would take through the body?
Blood travels from the heart in arteries. Blood continues to travel down smaller and smaller arteries. Finally,
the blood reaches the tiny capillaries. In the capillaries, oxygen and nutrients in the blood are exchanged for
waste products, including carbon dioxide, from the cells. The blood flows from the capillaries into larger and
larger blood vessels called veins. The veins take the oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
16. What parts of the heart are involved in Pulmonary Circulation? The flow of blood through the heart to the lungs
and back to the heart. (including the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein)
17. What is the difference between arteries and veins?
 Arteries: carry oxygenated blood to the body(exception pulmonary )
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Veins: carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart(exception pulmonary)
18. Which is under the most pressure, the arteries or the veins? Arteries!
19.
1.
2.
3.
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List the four components of blood and describe their purpose.
Red blood cells – carry hemoglobin/oxygen/ iron to the body
White blood cells – fight infection
Platelets – clot blood
Plasma – Carries water, nutrients, and waste
Nervous System:
20. What is the function of the nervous system?
Interpret and receive information from your external environment and from internal parts of your body in order
to process it and produce a quick response.
21. What is the function of the:
 sensory neuron- Carry messages towards the central nervous system (CNS)
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motor neuron- Carry messages away from the CNS
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dendrite- receives messages from other nerve cells
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axon- passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands
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reflex- an involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus
22. Label the neuron, dendrite, axon, and nucleus of the nerve cell below.
23. One of the functions of the integumentary system is the sense of touch. What does it mean when parts of your
body are more sensitive than others?
You have more sensory neurons in that area of your body
24. What is fight or flight?
The bodies automatic response to a fearful or threatening situation
25. The autonomic nervous system controls the body’s involuntary actions.
26. List some actions that the autonomic nervous system controls. Involuntary (heartbeat, breathing, blinking etc.)
27. The somatic nervous system controls the body’s _voluntary actions.
28. List some actions that the somatic nervous system controls. Voluntary muscle control (skeletal)
29. How do drugs affect the nervous system? Impaired judgement/concentration/memory, increase pulse, increase
urine output from kidneys
30. Morgan burned her finger after touching a hot plate at the Mexican food restaurant. Put the following letters to
the events in order as to how her nervous system responded.
a. Message travels up the spinal cord to the brain.
b. Message is sent to the spinal cord through sensory neuron.
c. Message is sent back to the spinal cord from the brain through the motor neuron.
d. Message from the brain is sent out of a motor neuron to quickly remove hand from plate, the response.
e. Heat, the stimulus, is detected by sensory receptors.
e, b, a, c, d
31. The body shivering when exposed to cold air is an example of homeostasis. What two systems are working
together to do this? Muscular and nervous
32. What parts of the body make up the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System?
 Central Nervous System- brain and spinal cord
 Peripheral Nervous System- all the other nerves throughout the body