Download A.P. Psychology - Mid-term Exam Study Guide

Name:
Date:
A.P. Psychology
A.P. Psychology
Mid-Term Exam Review
In-Class Review Sessions:
(F) 1/23/15
(M) 1/26/15
Exam Dates:
Period 1: (R) 1/29/15 [Session 3]
Period 8: (T) 1/27/15 [Session 2]
Unit 1: History and Approaches of Psychology (Prologue Chapter)
 Psychology
 Empiricism
 (4) Historical Approaches
 (7) Contemporary Approaches
 Nature-Nurture Issue
 Biopsychosocial Approach
 Psychological Professions
 Key People:
o Aristotle
o Charles Darwin
o René Descartes
o Dorothea Dix
o Sigmund Freud
o William James
o John Locke
o Jean Piaget
o Plato
o Carl Rogers
o Socrates
o E.B. Titchener
o Wilhelm Wundt
Unit 2: Research Methods (Chapter 1)
 (3) Components of the Scientific Attitude
 (6) Steps of the Scientific Method
 Sample vs. Population
 (6) Non-Experimental Research Methods
 Experiments:
o Independent, Dependent, and Confounding Variables
o Experimental vs. Control Group
 Problems and Solutions in Research
 Statistics:
o Measures of Central Tendency
o Measures of Variation
 Ethics in Research
Unit 3: Biological Bases of Behavior (Chapters 2 & 4)
 Biological Psychology













Neurons:
o Types
o Parts/Functions
o Communication
(7) Types of Neurotransmitters
Drugs and Neurotransmitters
The Nervous System
The Endorcrine System
Hormones
(5) Brain Monitoring Tools
The Brain:
o Older Brain Structures:
 Regions
 Parts/Functions
o The Cerebral Cortex:
 (4) Lobes
 (2) Cortexes
 Association Areas
 Parts/Functions
The Brain and Language
Left vs. Right Brain Differences
Behavior Genetics
Heritability
Key People:
o Paul Broca
o Phineas Gage
o Roger Sperry
o Karl Wernicke
Unit 4: Sensation and Perception (Chapter 6)
 Sensation vs. Perception
 Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Processing
 Selective Attention
 Perceptual Thresholds
 Sensory Adaptation
 (7) Senses
 Vision:
o Parts/Functions
o Perceptual Theories
 Hearing:
o Parts/Functions
o Perceptual Theories
 Other Senses:
o Physiology
o Psychology
o Perceptual Theories
 Sensory Interaction
 Theories of Pain
 Perceptual Organization and Interpretation
 Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
Unit 5: States of Consciousness (Chapter 3)
 Consciousness
 (5) Stages of Sleep:









o Characteristics
o Brainwaves
o Duration
Circadian Rhythm
(5) Sleep Disorders
Hypnosis
Theories of Hypnosis
Meditation
Biofeedback
Dream Content and Theories
Drugs and Consciousness
Key People:
o Ernest Hilgard
Unit 6: Learning (Chapter 7)
 Learning
 Associative Learning
 Classical Conditioning:
o (3) Types of Stimuli
o (2) Types of Responses
o Applications
 Operant Conditioning:
o Law of Effect
o (4) Types of Reinforcement
o (4) Schedules of Reinforcement
o Applications
o Punishment
 Observational Learning
o Modeling
o Mirror Neurons
 Key People:
o Little Albert
o Albert Bandura
o John Garcia
o Ivan Pavlov
o Rosalie Rayner
o B.F. Skinner
o Edward L. Thorndike
o John B. Watson
Unit 7: Cognition (Chapters 8 & 9)
 Memory
 (3) Processes of Memory
 (3) Stages of Memory
 (2) Types of Processing
 (1) Type of Implicit/Non-Declarative Memory
 (3) Types of Explicit/Declarative Memory
 Physiology of Memory
 Recall vs. Recognition
 (4) Reasons for Forgetting
 Memory Construction
 Cognition
 (4) Methods of Problem-Solving
 Creativity






Obstacles to Problem-Solving
Making Decisions and Forming Judgments
(2) Types Language Structure
(2) Types of Grammar
Language Development
Key People:
o Richard Atkinson
o Hermann Ebbinghaus
o Elizabeth Loftus
o Richard Shiffrin
o George Sperling
o Endel Tulving
o Noam Chomsky
o Robert Sternberg
Unit 8: Motivation and Emotion (Chapters 11 & 12)
 Motivation
 Instinct
 (2) Theories of Motivation
 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
 Hunger:
o Physiology
o Psychology
 (3) Types of Eating Disorders
 Obesity
 Sexual Motivation:
o Physiology
o Psychology
o (4) Stages of the Sexual Response Cycle
 Sexual Orientation
 Love and Belonging
 Emotion
 (3) Theories of Emotion
 Communication of Emotion
 Experience of Emotion:
o Fear
o Anger
o Happiness
 Stress and Health:
o General Adaptation Syndrome (G.A.S.)
o Coronary Heart Diseaese
o Psychophysiological Illness
o Psychoneuroimmunology (P.N.I.)
 Key People:
o Walter Cannon
o Charles Darwin
o Abraham Maslow
o A.L. Washburn
o Philip Bard
o Paul Ekman
o Carl Lange
o Robert Rosenthal
o Stanley Schachter
o Jerome Singer