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Forces that drive evolution •Inheritance •Random Genetic Change •Natural Selection •Genetic drift •Migration •Etc. Forces that drive evolution •Inheritance •Random Genetic Change •Natural Selection •Genetic drift •Migration •Etc. Genetic Drift Is Random Genetic Drift Is Random Aa aa aa Aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa Founder Effect Bottleneck If Founder effect or bottleneck is due to genetic advantage, then is Natural Selection and NOT Genetic Drift Forces that drive evolution •Inheritance •Random Genetic Change •Natural Selection •Genetic drift •Migration •Etc. Speciation Biological Species Viable/Fertile Offspring Speciation requires genetic isolation Isolating mechanisms •Premating/Prezygotic •Postmating/Postzygotic Isolating mechanisms •Premating/Prezygotic •Postmating/Postzygotic Isolating mechanisms •Premating/Prezygotic •Postmating/Postzygotic Wild Populations Blue and Gold Macaw Scarlet Macaw Captive Animals Blue and Gold Macaw Scarlet Macaw Catalina Macaw platensis oregonensis xanthoptica eschscholtzi croceater croceater klauberi Speciation Events •Allopatric speciation •Sympatric speciation •Parapatric speciation Speciation Events •Allopatric speciation •Sympatric speciation •Parapatric speciation ? Speciation Events •Allopatric speciation •Sympatric speciation •Parapatric speciation (petiolaris, annuus) Utah Sunflower Population Wild Populations ? Experiment Speciation Events •Allopatric speciation •Sympatric speciation •Parapatric speciation Tailing field Tailing field Tailing field Other Topics and Supporting Evidence The Fossil Record Punctuated Equilibrium Adaptive Radiation Microevolution vs Macroevolution Lobe finned fishes Lobe finned fishes Amphibian-like fishes Fish-like amphibians Lobe finned fishes Amphibian-like fishes Fish-like amphibians Amphibians Reptile-like amphibians Amphibian-like reptiles Reptiles Etc. Developmental Homology “Evo-Devo” Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny Behavioral Homology Morphological Homology •Molecular homology •Fine anatomy •Gross anatomy