Download Scientists from the Natural History Museum and Göteborg University

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WORM PHLYA
• Worms are general grouping
• Worms have bilateral symmetry
• Worms are the beginning of
advanced inverts
–Organs and other specialization
–Complete digestive tracts
–Body cavity/ coelem
• found in most bilateral animals
• organs are suspended in this space
Worm Phylas
• Worms are soft bodied so they
mostly live in tubes, burrows or
under something
• Feeding ranges from parasites to
carnivorous hunters
• Some worms create mucous nets
to catch food while they are safe in
their burrow
Platyhelminthes - Flatworms
– Central nervous system (brain)
– Muscles
– Flat and thin so gas and nutrients can
diffuse right into their body
– Incomplete DT
– No body cavity
– Hermaphrodites: sexual and asexual
reproduction
Class Turbellaria
–Mostly bottom dwellers, living in
sand or mud under rocks
–Carnivorous: eat other inverts
–Most common marine flatworms
Class Turbellaria
Class Trematode- Flukes
Parasitic- thick cuticle for protection
Adults live in a vertebrate like a
fish, larvae live in a invertebrate
like a snail.
Oswaldo Cruz Foundantion - Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
Specimen: Trematode sp. (400x
Class CestodeTapeworms
–Long segmented
bodies carrying
many generations
of new tapeworms
–A single segment
can contain
100,000 eggs
–Parasitic
www.dscc.edu/bwilliams/Biology2/bio2animal.htm
Tapeworm found on Tiger sharks and mackerel.
http://www.marineparasitology.com/Papers/Palm%20&%20Klimpel%202007.pdf
biology.unm.edu/.../Summaries/SimpleAnimals.htm
Nemertea- Ribbon worms
• Nervous system with a brain
• Muscles
• Circulatory System with blood
vessels
• Complete digestive tract (mouth
and anus)
• No body cavity
• Mostly separate sexes
• Sense organs
Ribbon worms continued-
• Stretchy bodies (8 in can
stretch to 3 ft)
• Gather food with a proboscis
that everts from inside them to
catch food
• Proboscis may be sticky or
poisoned
www.seamuse.com/rhyncocoela.htm
HabitatBottom
dwelling
beneath
something or
burrowed into
something
www8.nos.noaa.gov
Nematode - Roundworms
-Nervous system and brain
-Muscles
-Closed circulatory system
-Complete digestive tract
-Body cavity
- Separate sexes / sexual repro
- Have to molt cuticle as they grow
Nematodes cont….
–Live in sediments
and tissues of orgs
–parasitic &
predatory
Annelida – Segmented Worms
–Head-like area with a brain
–Muscles
–Closed circulatory system
–Complete DT
–Body cavity
–Hermaphroditic/ sexual
Annelids continued
• Most diverse of worms
• Segmentation- repeated
compartments
–Helps with motion
–Allows for appendages
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Mic
hael.Gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102
%20Laboratory/Animal%20Diversity/Lopho
trochozoans/img012.jpg
Class Polychaeta
• Each segment has a flattened
extension called parapodia
• Gills for breathing
www.freewebs.com/.../subclasserrantia.htm
http://scienceblogs.com/photosynthesis/Hermodice-carunculata59(c)BNSullivan.jpg
Class
Oligochaete
• burrow in
mud and
sand
• scavengers
www.inhs.uiuc.edu/.../AOGSMNP.OligoIntro.html
• Class Hirudinea
• Live on whatever they are “eating”
• Parastic / blood sucking
• Sucker at each end
aqua.intervet.com/news/2007-11-25.aspx
Sipuncula – Peanut Worms
• Bottom dwellers, many burrow
• Deposit feeders
www.wildsingapore.com/.../sipuncula.htm
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/sipuncula/sipuncula.html
Echiuria- Sausage Worms
Like the Peanut Worms
Pogonophora –Beard Worms
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nervous system
Muscles
Closed CS
Lack a digestive system
Body Cavity
Sexual repro
Vent community worms, live in tubes
Use bacteria in them to manufacture food
Tube worms
White Tube worm
www.nematodes.org/.../odl_pogonophora.html
Chaetognatha- Arrow Worms
• All the features of a complex
org
• Eyes and a distinct head
• planktonic
• vicious
carnivores
preying on
larvae of other
animals
Lophophorates…colonial worms
• All the features of complex
orgs
• Lophophore- unique feeding
structure with ciliated tentacles
–Suspension feeders
• Bryozoans and Phoronids
Phoronids
Bryazoans
General characteristics
• lophophores
Feather Duster
Scientists from the
Natural History Museum
and Göteborg University
in Sweden have
discovered a large
colony of the worm
growing on the bones of
a minke whale in the
North Sea.
Photomicrograph of Osedax
mucofloris, which means boneeating snot-flower)
the new species of marine worm ©
The Natural History Museum,
London 2005.
WORM SUMMARY
• Bilateral Symmetry
– Animals can be more active and sophisticated
• Simplest animals with real organs and
organ systems
• Inhabit all environments in the ocean