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LAKE CITY COMMUNITY COLLEGE
P.T. ASSISTANT PROGRAM
MUSCLES: ORIGINS. INSERTIONS, FUNCTIONS, LINE OF PULL,
AND INNERVATION
Upper Extremity
Trapezius
Upper
O:
Occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament.
I:
Outer 1/2 of clavicle, acromion process
F:
Scapular Elevation (lateral flexion to same side and rotation to the opposite side)
L:
Inferior => Superior & Lateral => Medial
N:
Spinal assessory nerve XI (C3 - C4)
Middle
O:
Spinous processes of C7-T3
I:
Superior lip of spine of scapula
F:
Retraction of shoulder girdle
L:
Lateral => Medial
N:
Spinal assessory nerve XI (C3 - C4)
Lower
O:
Spinous processes of middle & lower thoracic vertebrae
I:
Base of spine of scapula
F:
Scapular Depression and upward rotation
L:
Superior => Inferior & Lateral => Medial
N:
Spinal assessory nerve XI (C3 - C4)
Serratus Anterior
O:
Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs
I:
Anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
F:
Scapular Protraction and upward rotation
L:
Posterior => Anterior
N:
Long thoracic nerve (C5 - C7)
Rhomboid Muscles
O:
Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T5
I:
Vertebral border of scapula between spine and inferior angle
F:
Scapular Retraction and downward rotation
L:
Lateral => Medial & Inferior => Superior
N:
Dorsal scapula nerve (C5)
Levator Scapulae
O:
Transverse processes of C1-4
1
I:
F:
L:
N:
Vertebral border of scapula between superior angle and base of the spine
Scapular Elevation and downward rotation
Inferior => Superior
Cervical plexus (C3 - C5)
Deltoid
Anterior
O:
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
I:
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
F:
Shoulder abduction, flexion, medial rotation & horizal adduction
L:
Inferior => Superior & Lateral => Medial
N:
Axillary nerve (C5 - C6)
(L & N ARE THE SAME FOR DELTOID)
Middle
O:
Acromion process of scapula
I:
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
F:
Abduction of shoulder jt.
Posterior
O:
Inferior lip of spine of scapula
I:
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
F:
Shoulder abduction, extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation and horizonal abduction
Pectoralis Major
Clavicular
O:
Medial 1/3 of clavicle
I:
Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus (crest of greater tubercle)
F:
Shoulder flexion to about 90 degrees (Internal rotation, adduction, flexion, and horizontal
adduction of shoulder joint
L:
Lateral => Medial
N:
Lateral & medial pectoral nerve (C5 - T1)
Sternal
O:
Anterior surface of sternum, costal cartilage 1st 6 ribs
I:
Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus (crest of greater tubercle)
F:
Shoulder extension to about 90 degrees (Internal rotation, adduction, and horiz. add. of
sh. jt.)
L:
Lateral => Medial
Clavicular and Sternal Function: shoulder adduction, IR and horizontal adduction
Pectoralis Minor
O:
Anterior surface of ribs 3-5
I:
Coracoid process of scapula
F:
Scapular depression, protraction, and downward rotation, rib cage elevation
L:
Lateral => Medial, Superior => Inferior, & Posterior => Anterior
N:
Medial pectoral nerve (C8 - T1)
Latissimus Dorsi
O:
Spinous process of T7-L5, sacrum, and iliac crest and lower 3 ribs
I:
Bicipital groove of humerus (floor and medial lip)
F:
Extension, adduction, and internal rotation & hyperextension
2
L:
N:
(Depression and retraction of shoulder girdle at SC joint by continued action, lateral
flexion of trunk by continued action)
Superior => Inferior & Lateral => Medial
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6 - C8)
Teres Major
O:
Axillary border of scapula near inferior angle
I:
Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus (crest of lesser tubercle) (next to latissimus)
F:
Extension, adduction, and internal rotation of shoulder joint
L:
Lateral => Medial
N:
Subscapular nerve (C5 - C6)
Coracobrachialis
O:
Coracoid process of scapula
I:
Medial surface of middle of humerus (opposite deltoid tuberosity)
F:
Stabilizes shoulder joint (Flexion and adduction of shoulder jt.)
L:
Inferior => Superior
N:
Musculocutaneous nerve (C6 - C7)
*Rotator Cuff Muscles*
Supraspinatus
O:
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I:
Greater tubercle of humerus
F:
Abduction of shoulder joint
L:
Lateral => Medial
N:
Subscapular nerve (C5,6)
Infraspinatus
O:
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I:
Greater tubercle of humerus
F:
External rotation and horizonal abduction
L:
Lateral => Medial
N:
Subscapular nerve (C5,6)
Teres Minor
O:
Axillary border of scapula
I:
Greater tubercle of humerus
F:
External rotation and horizontal abduction
L:
Lateral => Medial
N:
Axillary nerve (C5,6)
Subscapularis
O:
Subscapular fossa of scapula
I:
Tubercle of humerus
F:
Internal rotation of shoulder joint
L:
Lateral => Medial
N:
Subscapular nerve (C5 - C6)
*end of rotator cuff muscles...
3
Biceps Brachii
O:
Short head - coracoid process of scapula
Long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I:
Radial tuberosity of radius
F:
Flexion of elbow joint; Supination of forearm (Flexion of shoulder joint; &
Adduction of shoulder jt. (short head)
L:
Inferior => Superior
N:
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 - C6)
Triceps Brachii
O:
Long head infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head- lateral/posterior surfaces of proximal humerus
Medial head - medial/posterior surfaces of distal humerus
I:
Posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna
F:
Extension of elbow joint
(Adduction and extension of shoulder jt. (long head)
L:
Inferior => Superior
N:
Radial nerve (C7 - C8)
Anconeus
O:
Lateral epicondyle humerus
I:
Lateral & inferior to olecranon
F:
Assist elbow extension
L:
Inferior to superior
N:
Radial nerve (C7,8)
Brachialis
O:
Distal part of anterior surface of humerus
I:
Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
F:
Flexion of elbow joint
L:
Inferior => Superior
N:
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 - C6)
Brachioradialis
O:
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I:
Styloid process of radius
F:
Flexion of elbow joint
Assists in pronation/supination forearm to neutral position
L:
Inferior => Superior
N:
Radial nerve (C5 - C6)
Supinator
O:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna
I:
Anterior surface of proximal radius
F:
Supination of forearm
L:
Lateral => Medial
N:
Median nerve (C6)
Pronator Teres
4
O:
I:
F:
L:
N:
Medial epicondyle of humerus and Coronoid process of ulna
Lateral surface of radius at its midpoint
Pronation of forearm, assists elbow flexion
Inferior => Superior & Lateral => Medial
Median nerve (C6,7)
Pronator Quadratus
O:
Distal 1/4 of ulna
I:
Distal 1/4 of radius
F:
Pronation of forearm
L:
Lateral => Medial
N:
Median nerve (C8 - T1)
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
O:
Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
I:
Pisiform and base of 5th metacarpal
F:
Flexion and ulnar deviation of wrist joint
N:
Ulnar nerve (C8 - T1)
Flexor Carpi Radialis
O:
Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle or humerus
I:
Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal (palmar surface)
F:
Flexion and radial deviation of wrist jt
N:
Median nerve (C6 - C7)
Palmaris Longus
O:
Medial epicondyle humerus
I:
Palmar facia
F:
Assist wrist flexion
N:
Median (C6,7)
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
O:
Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I:
Base of 5th metacarpal
F:
Extension and ulnar deviation of wrist joint
N:
Radial nerve, deep branch (C6 - C8)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
O:
Supracondylar ridge of humerus
I:
Base of 2nd metacarpal
F:
Radial deviation with extension of wrist joint
N:
Radial nerve (C6 - C7)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
O:
Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I:
Base of 3rd metacarpal
F:
Extension (with radial deviation) of wrist joint
5
N:
Radial nerve (C6 - C7)
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
O:
Common flexor tendon, coronoid process and radius
I:
Sides of middle phalanx of the 4 fingers
F:
Flexion of PIP and MP joints of fingers
(Flexion of wrist joint)
N:
Median nerve (C7,8,T1)
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
O:
Upper 3/4 ulna
I:
Distal phalanx of the 4 fingers
F:
Flexion of DIP and PIP joints of fingers
N:
Median and ulnar nerves (C8 - T1)
Extensor Digitorum
O:
Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I:
Base of distal phalanx of fingers 2-5
F:
Extension of MP, PIP and DIP joints of fingers
N:
Radial nerve (C6 - C8)
Extensor Indicis
O:
Distal ulna
I:
Base of distal phalanx of index finger
F:
Extension of MP, PIP, and DIP joints of index finger
N:
Radial nerve (C6 - C8)
Extensor Digiti Minimi
O:
Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I:
Base of distal phalanx of 4th finger
F:
Extension of MP, PIP, and DIP joints of 4th finger
N:
Radial nerve, deep branch (C6 - C8)
Flexor Pollicis Longus
O:
Anterior surface of radius
I:
Distal phalanx of thumb
F:
Flexion of IP and MP joints of thumb
N:
Median nerve (C8 - T1)
Extensor Pollicis Longus
O:
Middle posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
I:
Base of distal phalanx of thumb, dorsal surface
F:
Extension of IP and MP joints of thumb
Extension (and adduction) of the saddle joint of thumb
N:
Radial nerve, posterior interosseous nerve (C6 - C8)
6
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
O:
Posterior distal radius
I:
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
F:
Extension (and abduction) of saddle joint of thumb
(Extension of MP joint of thumb; Radial deviation of wrist joint)
N:
Radial nerve (C6 - C7)
Abductor Pollicis Longus
O:
Posterior radius, interosseous membrane and middle ulna
I:
Base of 1st metacarpal
F:
Abduction (and extension) of saddle joint of thumb
(Radial deviation and flexion of wrist joint)
N:
Radial nerve (C6 - C7)
*Deep Palm Intrinsics of Hand*
Lumbricales
O:
Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
I:
Tendon of extensor digitorum
F:
Flexion of MP joints of fingers
Extension of fingers
N:
First and second lumbricals is Median nerve
Third and fourth lumbricals is Ulnar nerve (C6-8)
Dorsal Interrosei
O:
Adjacent metacarpals
I:
Base of proximal phalanx
F:
Abduction and flexion of MP joints of fingers
N:
Ulnar nerve (C8 - T1)
Palmar Interrosei
O:
Respective muscles
I:
Base of proximal phalanx as originated
F:
Adduction and flexion of MP joints of fingers
N:
Ulnar nerve (C8 - T1)
Adductor Pollicis
O:
Capitate, base of 2nd metacarpal, palmar surface of the 3rd metacarpal
I:
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
F:
Adducts thumb
N:
Ulnar nerve (C8 - T1)
Thenar Intrinsics:
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
O:
Trapezium and flexor retinaculum
7
I:
F:
N:
Proximal phalanx
Flexes CMC & MP joints of thumb
Median nerve (C6,7)
Opponens Pollicis
O:
Trapezium & flexor retinaculum
I:
1st metacarpal
F:
Opposition (flexion and rotation) of saddle joint of thumb
N:
Median nerve (C6,7)
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
O:
Transverse carpel ligament, tuberosity of scaphoid, and ridge of trapezium
I:
Radial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
F:
Abduction of saddle joint of thumb
N:
Median nerve (C6-7)
Hypothenar Intrinsics:
Flexor Digiti Minimi
O:
(Hook of the) hamate and flexor retinaculum
I:
Base of proximal phalanx of 4th finger
F:
Flexes CMC & MP joints of 4th finger
N:
Ulnar nerve (C8 - T1)
Opponens Digiti Minimi
O:
Hamate bone and flexor reticulum
I:
5th metacarpal
F:
Opposition (flexion and rotation) carpometacarpal joint of little finger
N:
Ulnar nerve (C8 - T1)
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O:
Pisiform bone, tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I:
Proximal phalanx of little finger
F:
Abduction of MP joint of little finger
N:
Ulnar nerve (C8 - T1)
8