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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I The development & histology: - primitive gut - oral cavity, teeth, tongue - pharynx, oesophagus The development of the digestive tract the primitive gut stomodeum - oropharyngeal membrane proctodeum - cloacal membrane dorsal mesentery = duplicate of the splanchnopleure (peritoneum) The Foregut Derivatives primitive pharynx and it´s derivatives lower respiratory system the oesophagus and stomach the proximal duodenum the liver, biliary apparatus, pancreas Ω celiac artery (truncus coeliacus) Development of the Face Stomodeum: paired mandibular prominences paired maxillary prominences single frontonasal prominence - medial & lateral nasal prominence ´ - nasal placodes The development of the oral & nasal cavity intermaxillary segment philtrum of the lip premaxillary part of the maxilla primary palate nasal septum Development of the Palate primary palate (processus palatinus medianus) secondary palate - lateral palatine processes hard palate soft palate + uvula congenital anomalies: - critical period 6-9 weeks - clefts (cheilo-gnatho-palato-urano-stafyloschisis) Development of the Pharynx proximal foregut pharyngeal apparatus arch pouch groove membrane Development of the Tongue tuberculum impar apex a dorsum linguae - lateral lingual swellings radix linguae copula eminentia hypobranchialis sulcus terminalis Development of the Tongue Foreamen Caecum Linguae Development of the Esophagus temporary obliteration of the lumen upper 2/3 - skeletal muscles lower 1/3 - smooth muscles n.X course rotation congenital anomalies: - atresia (+ tracheoesophageal fistula etc.) - congenital hiatal hernia Structure of the Digestive Tract tunica mucosa • epithelium • lamina propria mucosae • lamina muscularis mucosae tunica submucosa • plexus submucosus Meissneri, glands tunica muscularis externa • circular • plexus myentericus Auerbachi • longitudinal tunica serosa The Oral Cavity stratified, squamous, nonkeratin. epithelium the lips lamina propria mucosae - tinny salivary or mucous gland (in the soft palate) The Tongue dorsal site - NO submucouse lamina propria mucosae => high papillae • filiform • fungiform (some taste buds) • foliate (in human rudimental) • vallatae (V-shape, Ebner glands, taste buds) skeletal muscles in three lines Z2 - dorsum linguae (HE) Z3 - radix linguae (HE) Z3 - radix linguae (HE) Z4 - tonsila lingualis (HE) The Pharynx pars oralis pars laryngea (stratified squamous epithelium nonkeratin.) pars nasalis (pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium) tonsilla pharyngea et tubaria The Oesophagus stratified, squamous, epithelium lamina propria mucosae - cardial glands in the distal portion mucinous glands in the submucosa - esophageal glands skeletal muscles in the proximal part adventitia (serosa - abdominal portion) Z9 - The Esophagus Z9 - The Esophagus The Teeth crown, neck, root, pulp cavity dentin • collagen type I, GAG, hydroxyapatit • odontoblasts enamel • 95% hydroxyapatit • NO collagen x amelogenins, enamelins • ameloblasts dental pulp • loose connective tissue, nociceptive neurofibres cementum, peridontal ligaments, alveolar bone, gum Development of the Teeth oral ectoderm mesenchyme neural crest cells odontogenesis 6th week dental laminae 10th week - permanent teeth foundation The Teeth Development the bud stage the cap stage - enamel organ - dental papilla pulp - dental sac cementum& periodontal ligament the bell stage - odontoblasts, Tomes´ processes - ameloblasts - dental root Developing tooth - the cap stage The end of the class of histology & embryology….. …so don´t forget - it´s a spring!