Download Translating Propositions into Categorical Form

Translating
Propositions into
Categorical Form
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Find Propositions
Find the subject and predicate
Affirmo and Nego
Supply the proper qualifier
Propositions translated to categorical form
categorical and
proposition
• A proposition(N) is a statement that expresses a judgment
or opinion.
• Can be true or false
• Declarative statements
• A categorical statement expresses how two objects relate
to each other
• Translation using P,Q, and other symbols instead of
words. (Mind your P’s and Q’s)
Are these proposition and
are they true
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1. The sun is shining
2. 3+4=7
3. X+Y>10
4. The sum of two prime numbers is even.
5. Is it raining?
6. Come to Class!
7. The moon is made of green cheese
8. N is a prime number
Categorical Exercise
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1. Triceratops, Stegosaurus, T rex
2. Monkey, Human, Gorilla
3. Duck, Goose, Turkey
4. Apple, Orange, Banana
5. Hamburger, Hotdog, Corn on the Cob
6. Cookies, Cake, Ice Cream
7. Sedan, Convertible, Coupe
8. Pick up, Mac, Two ton
Translation exercise
• Propositions are joined with a conjunction to draw a
conclusion.
• P it is sunny
• Q: It is hot
• 1. and  2. but∨ 3. or ∧ 4. if then Ξ 5. not and 6. not but
7. not or 8. if not then
The Subject and
Predicate terms
• The subject is the main idea and the predicate describes
the subject
• Example: Some historians are extremely gifted writers
whose works read like novels.
• No athletes who have every accepted pay for participating
in sports are amateurs.
Affirmo and Nego
• AffIrmo affirms the statement, and nEgO denies the
statement
• A: all is/are true
• I: some is/are true
• E: none is/ are true
• O: some is/are not true
Quantifiers
• Tells how true a statement is either by quantity or quality.
• All, most, some, half, a few, slim, none
Propositions translated
into
categorical
form.
• Putting statements into categorical forms
• For example, proposition then categorical
• "Some birds are geese, so some birds are not felines,
since no geese are felines"
• No geese are felines.
Some birds are geese.
Therefore, Some birds are not felines.