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1 Single Phase Compressor Point-on-Wave Response Including tests done at BPA Bernie Lesieutre (UW-Madison, LBNL) Dmitry Kosterev Steve Yang Erik Lane (BPA) WECC Load Modeling Task Force, June 17, 2015, Salt Lake City Lesieutre acknowledges support from CERTS and PSERC 2 Single Phase Compressor Simulation Model Tmech Tave 0 0.25 1.0 mechanical revolution 0.5 0.75 Reciprocating Compressor Mechanical Load 3 Current Research: Point-on-Wave Effects Simulations of Single-Phase Compressor Motor Applied voltage. The disturbance occurs at different points along the sinusoid: peak, zero crossing, in between. Instantaneous drop to 62% nominal for 3 cycles. Speed for the different applied voltages. Worst case: zero crossing disturbance. 4 Current Research: Point-on-Wave Effects Stall Voltage vs fault duration, and point-on-wave variation. 5 Current Research: Point-on-Wave Effects • Ramp Voltage Instead: Performance Model Characteristic for reference Point-on-wave effect is greatly reduced for even a very short ramp. 6 Current Research: Point-on-Wave Effects • These results suggest a reason why FIDVR events don’t cascade. • Locally, A/C motors stall in response to event. Further away, the filtered voltage exceeds threshold. Performance Model Characteristic for reference Point-on-wave effect is greatly reduced for even a very short ramp. 7 Laboratory Tests • Air Conditioner Tests at BPA Facility • Test Point-on-Wave Response, with and without ramp. • Scroll Compressor Voltage dip to 48, 45, 40, 35 and 30% nominal Recovery voltage at 90% nominal. Find fault duration to result in a change in operating characteristic (not stall) 8 Fault Regions, Instantaneous Voltage Dip Zero Crossing Peak 45° 9 Fault Region: 1 Cycle Ramp in Voltage Dip 45° Peak Zero Crossing 10 Key Point A slight ramp in the voltage disturbance characteristic greatly decreases the propensity to stall or abnormal operation. This may be a contributing factor to why FIDVR events appear to be localized. 11 Scroll Compressor: Three Operating States 1. Normal 2. Stall (Rotor stopped) 3. Single Winding Equivalent Mode? 12 Scroll Compressor: Three Operating States Normal Abnormal Vmain 242.6 / 0 ° 242.2 / 0 ° Vaux 381.0 / 87.1 ° 328.3 / -103.9 ° Imain 13.7 / -47.3 ° 29.6 / -24.4 ° Iaux 7.9 / 30.0 ° 8.3 / 134.3 ° Itotal 19.1 / -21.1 ° 23.7 / -17.5 ° 1. Normal 2. Stall (Rotor stopped) 3. Single Winding Equivalent Mode? 13 Scroll Compressor: Abnormal Operation 2.2 KW 1.6 KW Normal Power Flow 5.1 KW 6.5 KW 1.4 KW 3.8 KW Abnormal Power Flow Inefficient circulating power flow? 25% higher total energy use. 14 Active Power after a Fault