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Understanding Biodiversity Taxonomy How We Name Things •  Some scien:sts study organisms and give them names. •  These scien:sts are called taxonomists •  There are many rules for naming organisms and one of the most basic rules is that every creature gets 2 names, a genus name and a species name. •  These names provide informa:on about how species are related to each other. 2 Taxonomy How We Name Things Felis catus Panthera /gris 3 Taxonomy How We Name Things Panthera /gris Felis catus Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae Felix catus Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera :gris 4 Taxonomy What is a Species? 5 Taxonomy How Many Species of BuPerflies? 6 Land Biodiversity How much life is on the planet? 7 Marine Biodiversity 8 Biodiversity What We Know •  1.9 million species on the planet •  Different habitats is a key component of diverse ecosystems How much life is on the planet? 9 Biodiversity What We Need to Know •  12 million species are es:mated to be alive on the planet •  We don’t have a name for 85% of the species on the planet! How much life is on the planet? 10 Hawaii as a Diversity Laboratory 11 Hawaii, a History of Coloniza:on 12 Hawai’i is a cradle for endemic species 13 Hawai’i is a Diversity Hot Spot Honeycreeper Adap:ve Radia:on 14 Hawai’ian Birds Hima/one sanguinea 15 Hawai’ian Birds Hima/one sanguinea Ves/aria coccinea 16 Hawai’ian Birds •  only 17 of the original 55 species of Hawai’ian honeycreepers are s:ll alive. •  Many of the remaining endemic birds are threatened by invasive predators and disease. Hemignathus virens 17 Hawai’ian Spiders 18 Hawai’ian Insects Vanessa tameamea 19 Hawai’ian Plants 20 Iden:fying Hawai’ian Plants Metrosideros polymorpha 21 Metrosideros polymorpha 22 Iden:fying Hawai’ian Plants Vaccinium re/culatum 23 Iden:fying Hawai’ian Plants 24 Adapta:ons ‘Apapane ‘I’iwi 25 Iden:fying Hawai’ian Plants 26 Iden:fying Hawai’ian Plants 27 Conserving Hawai’ian Biodiversity Protec:ng life on the planet? 28 Iden:fying Plants A Local Exercise •  Pick a plant in your school yard or your home •  Describe the characteris:cs that make that plant different from the others in the yard •  Draw the plant, pay special aPen:on to the stems, leaves and flowers 29 By observing, one learns! Worksheet Type of plant: Sketch your plant: Type of branching: Leaf growth form: Leaf shape: Leaf details: Flower details: Name:_____________ ______________ Genus species Is it na:ve to Hawaii? 30 Glossary Type of plant: •  tree •  shrub •  epiphyte (grows without soil ofen on other plants) •  fern Type of branching: •  none •  stems from the base •  many branches from the main stem •  branches are in one plane or point in many direc4ons Leaf growth form: •  comes from the stem or from the branches •  opposite •  alterna4ng Leaf shape: •  needles •  ovals •  long •  does it end in one or many points, or is it curved? Leaf details: •  texture can be fuzzy, smooth, waxy, glossy •  veins can be network or unconnected •  edges can be smooth or rough and toothy, called serrated Flower details: •  is the flower made of petals or thread like stamens? •  what color is it? •  is it large or small? •  does it grow as an individual or in a cluster? •  are there any fruit? Describe them 31