Download Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System
Functions of the
Cardiovascular System:
Cardiovascular System
Components:
Properties of Blood
Two main components:
• 1. Plasma –
• 2. Blood cells
– Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Plasma 55%
90% water
7% plasma proteins
3% other (acids, salts)
– White blood cells (leukocytes)
– Platelets
Formed elements
45%
>99% red blood cells
<1% white blood cells
and platelets
The Heart
The Internal Anatomy of the Heart
Path of Blood Through the Heart
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Right pulmonary artery
Aortic semilunar valve
Right pulmonary veins
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right atrium
Interventricular septum
Left pulmonary artery
Left pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Left ventricle
Chordae tendinae
Tricuspid valve
Papillary muscles
Chordae tendinae
Right ventricle
Papillary muscles
Inferior vena cava
Thoracic aorta (descending)
Coronary Vessels – Anterior View
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Left pulmonary artery
Branches of left pulmonary artery
Branches of right
pulmonary veins
Pulmonary trunk
Left pulmonary veins
Right pulmonary veins
Right atrium
Right coronary artery
Left atrium
Anterior interventricular branch
of left coronary artery
Great cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Thoracic aorta
(descending)
Excitation of the Heart
Cardiac Muscle
Sympathetic Influence (tachycardia) –
Parasympathetic Influence (bradycardia) –
The Heart – Electrical Conduction
System
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Bundle of His (AV
bundle)
Right and left
bundle branches
Purkinje fibres
The Electrical Activity of the Heart
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Graphical representation of
electrical sequence of
events occurring with each
contraction of the heart
P wave:
QRS complex:
T wave:
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure
Normal BP = 120 / 80 mmHg
Hypertensive BP = 140 / 90 mmHg
Blood Flow Distribution
Cardiac Output
Cardiac Output (Q) is the primary indicator of the functional capacity
of the circulatory system to meet the demands of physical activity.
On average a person pumps about 5 litres of blood per minute from
their left ventricle at rest. The difference between a trained and
untrained person is how this is accomplished.
Q=
Trained
50bts/min * 100 ml/bt
Untrained
71bts/min * 70 ml/bt
Benefits of Being A Trained Athlete