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Transcript 
Sports Injuries
Dr Christopher Tong
Sports Medicine Specialists
8/F AON China Building
29 Queens Road Central
Hong Kong
Today’s talk
• Overview of sports medicine
• Review of anatomy
• General principles of sports injuries
management including clinical
examination
• lower limb injuries
Anatomy and Function
Symptoms of Meniscal tear
• Symptoms
– Pain
– Locking
– Knee swelling
• Signs
–
–
–
–
Knee effusion
Joint line tenderness
Apley grinding test
McMurray test
Finished Product
Acute Knee
Injury
Clinical Problem
Clinical Examination (Anatomical
Knowledge Needed)
Diagnosis
Common Structures Damaged
• Cruciate ligaments
• Collateral ligaments
• Menisci
• Nerve (common peroneal)
Knee
Arthroscopy
Normal ACL
Ruptured ACL
Knee Arthroscopy
Management of acute knee
injuries
•
•
•
•
•
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Complete examination to diagnose
structures damaged
• MRI or arthroscopy
Cartilage Injuries
The Challenge
Drilling
Replacement
• Osteochondral graft
– autograft, mosaicplasty, OATS
– allograft
Ankle Sprains
Acute
Management
Common Peroneal Nerve Function
• Sensory
• Motor
– Anterior compartment (deep peroneal
nerve)
– Lateral compartment (superficial peroneal
nerve)
My Work
• PWH Orthopaedics Sports Team
– Knee and shoulder surgery 80%
– Foot and Ankle surgery 20%
• Hong Kong Sports Institute
– Honorary Sports Medicine Consultant
– Care of HK elite athletes
Scope of Sports Medicine
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sports injuries and management
Sports psychology
Sports nutrition
Physical conditioning and training
Doping
Medical aspects of sports medicine
Rehabilitation
Sports physiology
Multidisciplinary Team
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sports physician
Orthopaedic surgeon
Sports psychologist
Sports nutritionist
Coaches
Physiotherapists
Sports physiologist
Sports physician
•
•
•
•
•
Overall care of athlete
Medical aspects
Non-operative aspects of sports injuries
Team doctor and travel medicine
Liaison role with other specialists
Sports psychology
• Enhance performance
– 100 m sprinter vs. Olympic archer
• Injury prevention and rehabilitation
• Tools:
– Relaxation techniques
– Goal setting
– Visualization
Sports nutritionist
• Macronutrients
– CHO, lipids, protein
• Micronutrients
– Vitamins, minerals, antioxidants
• Fluid balance
• Supplements
– Creatine, bicarbonates, caffeine
Doping
•
•
•
•
•
Blood doping
Anabolic steroids
Erythropoietin
Growth hormone
Stimulants
– e.g. amphetamines
• Diuretics
Coaching
• Fitness
– Strength training
– Speed
– Endurance
– Flexibility
• Injury prevention
Principles of training
•
•
•
•
Progressive overload
Specificity
Periodization
Tapering
Progressive overload
• Overuse injuries are often the result of
training which is ‘too much, too soon’.
• Training load:
– Frequency
– Duration
– Intensity
Sports physiology
• Energy systems
– Anaerobic
• ATP + phosphocreatine system
• Glycolytic system
– Aerobic
• Carbohydrate oxidation
• Fat oxidation
• Muscle physiology
– Training implications
Sports Medicine
Multidisciplinary business
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