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Full-Wave (Bridge) Rectifier What happens when a diode fails? (Diodes always fail as OPEN circuits) Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Zener Diode Zener Diode Zener Diode Voltage Regulator Transistors Three-terminal devices with three doped silicon regions and two P-N junctions Two basic ways of implementation: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Field-Effect Transistor (FET) Transistors Bipolar Junction Transistors C C = collector B = base E = emitter n p B n E NPN transistor Transistors BJT Transistors BJT Transistors BJT PNP NPN Transistors Field-Effect Transistors Transistors Field-Effect Transistors Transistors FET Transistors FET When VG is positive, electrons in the p-type substrate are attracted to the oxide–silicon interface, and form an n-type conduction channel. The electrical model is represented by resistors in series. The transistor is in its ON state. NMOS Transistors FET When VG = 0, the area underneath the oxide layer is still p-type, which forms a “back-to-back” diode with the n region, as shown in the electrical representation. The transistor is in its OFF state. NMOS Transistors FET PMOS
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