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Blood Lecture Notes Functions of Blood (3 main) Transportation cell Body regulator Protection Composition of Blood Plasma “Formed elements” Plasma (~55% of total blood volume) Composition o Water (~92% of total plasma volume) o Proteins (~7% of total plasma volume) Albumin Globulin Fibrinogen ALL PLASMA PROTEINS ARE PRODUCED BY THE LIVER Serum is plasma without the clotting protein fibrinogen o Other solutes (~1% of total plasma volume) If waste percentage is high in a person’s body, there is a very good chance there is a problem with that person’s kidneys Formed Elements (~45% of total blood volume; 3 types) Red blood cells (erythrocytes) o Properties o Hemoglobin properties o Stages of the formation of new red blood cells (erythropoiesis) In bone marrow: In circulation: o Clot formation steps—called hemostasis (3 steps) Vasoconstriction of the arteries Platelet plug Fibrin clot Platelets o Properties White blood cells (Leucocytes)—three classes of WBC’s o Granulocytes (3 types) Types and function o Monocytes Types and function o Lymphocytes (2 types) Types and function Normal Blood Cell Counts Hematocrit (% of red blood cells compared to total sample volume—also called the “packed cell volume” Red blood cell count Reticulocyte count Platelet count White blood cell count