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中国历史常识一百问
中国历史常识一百问
One Hundred Questions Of Common Knowledge About Chinese History
1. It is said that China ranks first in the number of human fossils and cultural sites
dating from the Paleolithic Period, just name the most important ones.（Yuanmou Man,
Lantian Man, Peking Man, Dali Man and Upper Cave Man）
2. What is the feature which illustrates the difference between the Paleolithic Period
and the Neolithic Period?(P7 data)
3. Besides Pangu’s myth, our Chinese ancestors also created some legends of Chinese
ancestors.
Why
are
Youchaoshi,
Suirenshi,
Fuxishi
and
Shennongshi
so
named?(Youchaoshi who taught people how to make houses on the branches of trees;
Suirenshi who taught people how to make fire with wood out of chiseling; Fuxishi who
taught people to hunt and invented Eight Trigrams; Shennongshi who grew foods and
looked for medicine herbs by tasting more than a hundred kinds of herbs and grasses)
4.
Why
are
Chinese
people
often
call
themselves
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html“炎黄子孙”？(P11)
5. Who are the three kings and five emperors in ancient China?(p11 Data)
6. It is said that there appeared three famous tribal leaders after Emperor Huangdi.
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Who are they?(Yao,Shun and Yu)
7. Which is the first dynasty in Chinese history? Who established it and when?(Around
2070BC,Yu established the Xia Dynasty, the first danasty in Chinese history)
8. How long did the Xia dynasty last and who was the last king of that dynasty?(The
xia Dynasty lasted 471 years, the last king was Jie)
9. Which dynasty follows the Xia dynasty and which is the next?(Shang and Western
Zhou Dynasty)
10. Who led an alliance and toppled the Shang Dynasty and at which battle did he defeat
King Zhou?(King Wu led an alliance and toppled the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of
Muye.)
11. Who assisted King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty to make his realm rich and powerful?(Duke
Zhou )
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html12.
What
happened
after Duke Zhou exercised authority for King Cheng of the Zhou Dynasty, and how did
Duke Zhou deal with the situation?（This aroused the grievance of Guan and Tsai, made
the new-born Zhou Dynasty was in a crisis. Duke Zhou sincerely sxplained the truth
to Duke zhao and the other dukes as well, to get rid of their suspicion so as to keep
the internal unity of the royal family）
13. There are two versions of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. What
are they respectively?(1:Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Xiang of Song, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke
Mu of Qin, King Zhuang of Chu. 2: Duke Huan of Qi, King Helu of Wu , Duke Wen of
Jin, King Goujian of Yue, King Zhuang of Chu)
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14. How did King Goujian of Yue manage to become the last hegemon of the Spring and
Autumn Period?(King Goujian of Yue Underwent Self-imposed Hardships to Wipe out a
National Humiliation)
15. By the time of thehttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html
Warring States Period, which seven vassal states were called the Seven Powers? (Qi,
Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin)
16. Give a detailed description about the famous battle “besieging Wei and saving
Zhao” in the mid-Warring States Period.(P26)
17. Give a detailed description about the famous War of Maling in the Warring States
Period.(P27)
18. What does Confucius’ ideology of benevolence mean?(P29)
19. What are Confucius’ proposals on education you have learned?(P29)
20. Name those exponents of the “Hundred Schools of Thought” and their respective
Schools.(Confucius was the founder of Confucianism, Laozi was the founder of the
Taoist School, Zhuang Zhou is another famous figure of the Taoist School, Mozi
initiated the Mohist School, Hanfeizi was the Legalist School.)
21. What does Sun Wu emphasize among his wide-ranging views on war, and what does
he
especially
stress?(P3http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html5)
22. Give a brief definition of the Qin Empire.(P37)
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23. Who was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, and why did he call
himself Qinshihuang?(Ying Zheng was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty. He dreamed
his power would be continous and unbroken. He called himself the first Emperor of
the Qin Dynasty(Qinshihuang), and his successors would be the second, third and so
forth. Therefore, he is known historically as Qinshihuang.)
What reforms did Qinshihuang enact to consolidate his power?( The government was
presided over by a prime minister,after the unification, Qinshihuang expanded the
original Qin's laws and orders to the whole country resulting in a system of unified
law, Qinshihuang unified the weights and measures, unified words, to build the Great
Wall)
24. Give a detailed description of “burning the books and burying the Confucian
scholars”.(P41)
25. Where does thttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlhe
Great Wall start and end and how long is its distance? Which provinces, autonomous
regions and municipality does it cross?(P43)
26. Who led the first great peasant uprising? Where did it happen and why?(The second
Emperor was so cruel that the people were in enmity and the society was in a turmoil.
Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led the first great peasant uprising. It happened in
Dazexiang.)
27. Give a brief description of the Hongmen Banquet and the battle at Gaixia
respectively.（P49）
28. In the Han Dynasty, What rights did the nobles of Liu clan enjoy
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after Liu Bang granted territories of the country to them? And What did Emperor Wudi
do to strengthen central rule?(P51)
29. Emperor Wudi was considered as the second great emperor in Chinese history. How
did he manage to make the great achievements to the country?( 1. The emperor
implemented
some
strengthening
centralized
syshttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmltem,
political
consolidate
the unity and development of the western han dynasty. 2. The emperor in order to
strengthen and consolidate its own rule, adopted the dong "ousted hundred," the author
examines the Suggestions, to consolidate the national unity and centralization, the
lasting influence on the later history. 3. The emperor in the fight against the huns,
the regime of the western han dynasty is more consolidated, more unified country,
for the development of economy and culture of the western han dynasty created the
extremely advantageous condition. 4. The emperor sent zhang qian two peoples,
strengthened the han dynasty and the western economic and cultural exchange. 5. The
emperor to develop the south and southwest frontier, make YueZu and southwest
minorities and han nationality together better. 6. We will make the chariot wai,
settlement and other major efforts to developing agriculture. He is also push forward
the generationhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html method
of field and new tools, greatly promote the development of agriculture.)
30. How many missions did Zhang Qian go on to the west regions? Where did the Silk
Road start and end?(Zhang Qian gone to the west regions twice, the Silk Rold started
from coastal ports in today’s Guangdong province, and ended in India by way of
Thailand.)
31. To whom was Wang Zhaojun married, and of which nationality is he?(She married
with Huhanye, he is the Huns)
32. Who was the author of Records of the Historian, and from which emperor to which
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emperor did the book cover? (Sima Qian, it starts from the legendary Emperor Huangdi,
and ends with the reign of Emperor Wudi of thr Han Dynasty, spanning 3000 years.)
33. Which two instruments did Zhang Heng of the Han Dynasty
develop?( He invented Armillary sphere and seismograph)
34.
What
kind
of
person
Cao
Cao
was
in
the
famous
litterateur
in
Xuhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html Shao’s eyes?(Xu
Shao appraised Cao Cao as an able official in governing the country and an insidious
hero in the tumultuous times.)
35. How many expeditions did Zhuge Liang launch northward in an attempt to overthrow
Wei and unify the country?( six times)
36. Name three famous battles in the Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasties and the
Southern and Northern Dynasties.(The Battle Of The Red Cliff ； Eight Kings’
Insurrection in the Western Jin Dynasty; The Battle of Feishui)
37. What measures did Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty to consolidate the
reign?(P85)
38. What respectful terms do Chinese people give to Zhang Heng, Zhang Zhongjing, Hua
Tuo, Wang Xizhi, Gu Kaizhi and Zu Chongzhi respectively?（Zhang Heng，a pioneering
Scientist; Zhang Zhongjing, the saint of Medicine; Hua Tuo, the founder of Surgery;
Wang Xizhi, the Saint of Calligraphy; Gu Kaizhi, the Matchless Painter; Zu
Chonhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlgzhi,
the
Remarkable Mathematician.）
39. How did Yang Jian manage to establish the Sui Dynasty and reunify the country?(In
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581, Yang Jian usurped the throne of the Northern Zhou, and established the Sui Dynasty,
in 589, the Sui conquered the Chen Dynasty, and reunified the northern and southern
parts of the
country.)
40. What provinces does the Grand Canal flow through? In the Yuan Dynasty, from which
city to which city did it extend?(The canal flows through today’s Hebei, Shandong,
Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces; In the Yuan Dynasty, on the model of
the old Grand Ganal, people dug the Shandong Canal and the Tonghui River, which
extended from Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south)
41. Why was the reign of Emperor Taizong in the Tang Dynasty termed as “the Benign
Administration of the Zhenguan Reign Period”? What was his famous saying, referring
to the emperor?(P99)
://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlpar42. Why do we say the
territory ruled by the Tang Dynasty was broader than that of any of the previous
dynasties?(P99)
43. Just mention three things Wu Zetian, China’s First Female Monarch, did to her
reign.(P101)
44. Give a description of the prosperous scene of the Tang Dynasty during “the
Flourishing Kaiyuan Reign Period”.（P103）
45. Why is Princess Wencheng still remembered and loved by the Tibetans?( Princess
Wencheng lived in Tubo for 40 years, making great contributions to the friendship
between the Han and Tibetan people.)
46. How many years did it take Xuanzang to get to Tianzhu?（a whole year） How many
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years did he spend staying there?(stayed
there for
as long as 15 years)How many Buddhist Holy lands did he visit?(six) How old was he
when he returned to Chang’an?(at the age of 42) How many Buddhist scriptures did
he
bring
back?(657Buddhist
scriptures)
How
Buddhisthttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html
many
scriptures
did he translate, amounting to how many volumes?(He translated 74 Buddhist scriptures
altogether,
amounting to about 1305 volumes)
47. On which attempt did Jianzhen succeed in arriving in Japan, and how old was he
then? What did he bring with him?(It was only on his sixth attempt that Jianzhen
arrived in Japan. At that time, he was already 66 years old. He, with his 23 disciples
had brought a great amount of books, the image of Buddhism, Buddhistic scripture,
and some other treasure)
48. Name three most famous groups of grottoes and tell where they are.(The three most
famous groups of grottoes are the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi Province, the
longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan Province, and the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu
Province.)
49. How many levels did the regular imperial civil examination have in the Tang Dynasty,
and
what
are
they?(
It
has
three
levels,
such
as
Xiucaihttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html, Mingjing and
Jinshi)
50. Name the five dynasties and ten kingdoms before the Northern Song Dynasty was
established.( five dynasties：the Later Liang, Later Tang,
Later Jin, Later Han and Later zhou; ten kingdoms: Former shu,Wu, Min, Wu-Yue, Chu,
Southern Han, Southern ping, Later Shu, Southern Tang and Northern Han)
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51. What caused Zhao Kuangyin to be upset about the central authority?（Not long after
Zhao Kuangyin came to the throne, two local military governors revolted against the
central authority. It took Zhao Kuangyin a lot lot energy to suppress the revolt,
which upset him very much.）
52. How did Zhao Pu persuade Zhao Kuangyin to relieve the generals og their
commands?(Zhaopu said the reason was very simple. The chaotic situation in a country
lay in the scattering of the military power. The country would be restored to peace
as
soon
as
the
military
power
was
returned
to
the
cohttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlntrol
overall
of
the
central authority.)
53. Illustrate Lord Bao’s espousal of justice with two examples.（P129）
54. How did the Yue army defeat the Jin army?(P131)
55. Who wrote the Song of Integrity and where did he write it?(Wen tianxiang wrote
the Song of Integrity, which he wrote behind prison bars)
56. Who established the Yuan Dynasty and unified China into one nation? What did he
do to consolidate the reign of the Yuan Dynasty?(Kublai, he established the
Zhongshusheng in the central governmrnt as the highest administrative institution,
and Xingzhongshusheng in local
governments officially as the highest local administrative institutions, called
xingsheng for short)
57. Where was Marco Polo from? How long did he stay in China?( Marco Polo was from
Venice, Italy, he stay in china 24 years)
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58. Name the four great inventions.(The technique of Making Paper，The Invention
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlof
Compass ， The
Technique of Printing, Gunpowder and Firearms)
59. Give a detailed description of the Riverside Scene on the Pure Brightness Festival.
（P147）
60. Who compiled the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government? 《资治通鉴》What
does the book cover?（Sima Guang compiled，The book is a comprehensive history of
China in chronological style covering 1362 years from 403 BC to 959 AD. This magnum
opus comprises 294 volumes containing more than 3000000 words.）
61. What measures did Zhu Yuanzhang take after the Ming Dynasty was established, which
provided advantageous conditions for the overall development of society, economy and
culture nationwide?(P155)
62. What did Zhu Yuanzhang do to strengthen his imperial power?(P155)
63. How many voyages altogether did Zheng He go on diplomatic missions? And how far
did he sail?(P157)
64.
How
many
times
did
Qi
Jiguang
defeat
the
Japanese
phttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlirates at
Taizhou and how long did it take him to succeed in driving the Japanese pirates out
from the coastal areas of southeast China?(He fought nine bottles and won nine times,
after nearly 10 years of hard fighting, he succeeded in driving the Japanese pirates
out from the coastal areas of southeast china by 1565.)
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65. Tell a detailed story to show why Hai Rui was renowned far and wide as a model
of an upright and incorruptible official.(p161)
66. Why could Li Zicheng succeed in enlarging his force to one million and finally
overturn the Ming Dynasty?(Li Zicheng won the support of the people in this
disaster-stricken area by a policy of land reform and abolition of agricultural taxes.
Li’s army grew rapidly to become a million-strong force.)
67. How did Zheng Chenggong win the victory of the recovery of Taiwan?(P165)
68.
Give
at
least
five
examples
to
show
the
great
contributionhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmls Kangxi
made to the territorial integrity of the country, as well as to its security and
prosperity.( 1.The appointment of han Chinese apparatchik, advocates the han
culture;2. Pay attention to agricultural production, reduce the burden on farmers;
3.Often touring around, understand people, care about people's sufferings;4.The
subjugation of San Francisco;5.take back Taiwan, prevent the expansion of Russia)
69.
Give three examples to prove that Yongzheng was a worthy
successor to Kangxi as an emperor.( 1.Overhaul management, 2.pay attention to choose
and employ persons, 3.emphasize the pragmatic)
70. Why sould we say that Bencao Gangmu was the most scientific description of
traditional Chinese medicine of its time?（P172）
71. What contributions did Xu Guangqi made to China? What is his Encyclopedia of
Agriculture about?（P172）
72.
Why
was
Song
Yingxing
named
one
of
the
great
thhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmle
scientists
of
Ming
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Dynasty?(P173)
73. How long did it take Xu Xiake to travel all over China and why is his book Xu
Xiake’s Travels still of great importance? (P173)
74. From which year till which year do historians regard as the modern history of
China?(From 1840 to 1949)
75. How much opium was destructed at Humen and how long did it take Lin zexu to complete
the destruction of the drug?(it’s more than 1100000kg in over 20000 boxes, it took
23 days to complete the destruction of the drug)
76. The result of the First Opium War was the surrender of the Qing Dynasty and the
signing of the Treaty of Nanking. What was the government of the Qing Dynasty forced
to do under the terms of the first unequal treaty?（P183）
77. After the Taipings occupied Nanjing and made it their capital, the
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom promulgated the System of Land Ownership of the Heavenly
Kingdom.
What
does
it
aihttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlm to do?(P186)
78. What treaties were signed after the Second Opium War? What contents did those
treaties respectively contain?(P189)
79. Tell the three stages of the Westernization Movement and their respective
marks.(P191)
80. In what did the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 result? What did China have to do
according to it?（P193）
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81.
What were the main contents of the Wu-xu reform? And how long did the Reform
Movement of 1898 last?（P197）
82. Why did Empress Dowager support the Yihetuan at first? Which eight countries
allied to suppress the Yihetuan?(P201)
83. What organizations did Dr. Sun Yat-sen set up before the Xin-hai Revolution? What
are his “Three People’s Principles”? When was Dr. Sun yat-sen elected Interim
President of the Republic of China and when was he elected Chief Councilor of the
Nationalist Party?(society for the Revival of China.
84. What caused thehttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html
May 4th Movement to happen? What marked the victory of the May 4th Movement?
85. When, where and by whom were the first two communist groups established? When,
where and by how many representatives was the first National Conference of the
Communist Party of China held, and
what happened at the conference?(P213)
86. After what event did the first KMT-CPC cooperation take place, and what was its
significance?
87. After what events and when was the Nanchang Uprising initiated and who led the
uprising?
88. When and from where did the main force of the Red Army begin the Long March, and
when and where did the Long March complete? What was the significance of the Zunyi
Conference?
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89. Give a brief account about the Sptember 18th Incident.
90. What happened in Beiping on December 9th? What happened following it? And what
is
the
significance
of
the
December
9th
Movement?://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlpar
91. Why did the two generals zhang Xueliang and Yanghucheng launch a coup and arrest
Chiang Kai-shek on the night of December 12, 1936?
92. Give a brief account about the July 7th Incident.
93. How many Japanese soldiers were wiped out in the battle of Pingxing Pass? Why
was “the victory at Pingxing Pass” so highly evaluated and what was the significance
of Taierzhuang Victory?
94. What principle of peaceful construction of the country did CPC representatives
argue during the Chongqing Negotiations?
95. Write the events according the time order to see a general review of the War of
Liberation:
In June 1946:
In February 1947:
In March 1947:
By June 1947:
From July 1947:
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By August 1948:
From September 12th, 1948 to January 31st, 1949:
On April 21st, 1949:
On April 23rd, 1949:
By June 1950:
://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlr96. What did the First
Plenary Session of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference decide?
97. How many campaigns did the Chinese People’s Volunteers launch when they fought
side by side with the Korean People’s Army and forced the US forces back beyond the
38th Parallel?
98. When was the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Issue of Hong Kong signed?
When and where was the hand-over ceremony held?
99. When was the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration on the Issue of Macao signed? When
was the hand=over ceremony held?
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