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Chapter 1 Notes:
Section 1
1) Living things come in many shapes and sizes .Organisms too small to be seen with
the naked eye are called microorganisms.
2) All living things share 4 characteristics:
Organization, Growth, Reproduction, Response,
3) All living things need energy, materials, and living space.
4) Viruses are not alive. They are genetic material enclosed in a protein shell.
Section 2
1) Classification is arranging organisms into groups.
2) Taxonomy is naming and arranging species.
3) Taxonomists look at physical evidence (traits/characteristics) and genetic
evidence (DNA).
Section 3
1) Binomial nomenclature is the naming system using the Genus species.
2) Species in the same genus are closely related.
3) There are seven levels of classification: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,
Family, Genus, and Species.
4) Dichotomous Keys and Field Guides are tools that can help identify organisms.
Section 4
1) Classification can change when scientists learn new information about a species.
The name and the grouping can change based on new evidence.
2) There are three domains, which are levels above kingdoms: Archaea, Bacteria, and
Eukarya.
3) Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. Four kingdoms are eukaryotic: protists, fungi,
plants, and animals.
4) Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic.
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Kingdom Bacteria: (domain Bacteria) – unicellular, no nucleus, very small.
Kingdom Archaea: (domain Archaea) – unicellular, no nucleus, harsh
environments.
Kingdom Protista: (domain Eukarya) – mostly unicellular, eukaryotic,
Kingdom Fungi: (domain Eukarya) – mostly multicellular, eukaryotic,
absorbs nutrients.
Kingdom Plantae: (domain Eukarya) – multicellular, eukaryotic, cell walls,
makes own food.
Kingdom Animalia: (domain Eukarya) – multicellular, eukaryotic, no cell
walls, consumes other organisms.