Download BioChemistry

Chemistry of Life
All organisms consist of inorganic and organic compounds.
Inorganic Compounds
•Lack Carbon and Hydrogen combination
•Examples are Water = H2O
Salts = NaCl
Acids and Bases
Organic Compounds
Organic Compound Categories
•Contain both Hydrogen and Carbon
•4 major categories of organic compounds
Mrs. Degl
1.
2.
3.
4.
Carbohydrates
Lipids (fats)
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
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Carbohydrates
•Main source of energy for all cell activities
•Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
•Usually there are two Hydrogen for every one Carbon (always
look for CH2)
•Includes all starches and sugars
•There are three types of Carbohydrates (Monosaccharide,
Disaccharide, and Polysaccharide)
•The basic unit (building blocks) of a carbohydrate is a
Monosaccharide
Carboxyl
•A monosaccharide is also called a simple sugar
Group
•Glucose is an example of a Monosaccharide
C6H12O6
Glucose
Monosaccharides
(glucose, fructose, and
ribose)
Mrs. Degl
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Carbohydrates
Disaccharide
•Also known as a double sugar
•Formed by the combination of two simple sugars (two monosaccharides)
•The combination process is called dehydration synthesis
•Dehydration Synthesis is a process where two compounds combine and
water is removed from it. Water is a product of this.
•Maltose and sucrose are examples of a disaccharides.
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H 2O
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Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides
•Some monosaccharides chemically combine by
dehydration synthesis and form a Polysaccharide.
•Examples are starches, cellulose, and glycogen
Links of glucose
Mrs. Degl
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Lipids
•Source of stored energy in living things
•Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
•The ratio of hydrogen is much greater than 2:1 and is not constant from
one to another
•Lipids are a product of dehydration synthesis of 3 fatty acids and
glycerol
•Fats and oils are examples of lipids
•Triglycerides are the common name for the fat or oil that forms because
of the 3 fatty acids.
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Proteins
R represents ANY group that can vary
•Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen, and sometimes
sulfur
•Amino Acids are the building blocks of protein
•Living Organisms are usually made of a group of 20 amino acids
•Two amino acids combine by dehydration synthesis to form a
dipeptide
You can draw an amino acid two ways
This is a dipeptide (two)
Amino Acid + Amino Acid = Dipeptide + Water
Mrs. Degl
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Nucleic Acids
A nucleic acid is composed of nucleotide chains
that convey genetic information. The most
common nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids
are found in all living cells and viruses.
We will cover this in
the Genetics topic!!
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Summary
Compound
Building blocks
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Lipids
1 Glycerol +
3 Fatty Acids
Proteins
Amino Acids
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