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CHAPTER 10
THE UNION IN PERIL
ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES IN NORTH AND SOUTH
South
Agriculture
Slavery
Wealthy
Small
Population
North
Manufacturing
Anti-Slavery
More even Distribution
of income
Larger Population
TERRITORIAL DISPUTES OVER SLAVERY
California
New Mexico
Utah
WILMOT PROVISO
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude
shall exist in any territory the United
States might acquire as a result of the
war with Mexico.”
Simply that California, Utah, and New
Mexico would be admitted to the Union
as free States
AS A RESULT OF THE GOLD
RUSH, CALIFORNIA SKIPPED
THE TERRITORIAL PHASE OF
BECOMING A STATE
THE SENATE BEGINS TO DEBATE THE
ADMISSION OF THESE STATES AS FREE STATES.
End result is that the southern states
begin screaming secession.
COMPROMISE OF
1850
Clay’s
Compromise
Admitted
California as a
free state
More effective
fugitive slave
law
Popular
Sovereignty
PROTEST, RESISTANCE, AND
VIOLENCE
FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT
Declared open season on
all slaves in the north
Policeman were given a
free hand in returning
slaves as fugitives,
whether they were or not.
Northern states passed
Personal Liberty Laws
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
HARRIET TUBMAN
Initiated the underground
Railroad
Soon other blacks and
whites were conductors
of the railroad
Ex slave who was
severely beaten
UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Portrayal of slave life on plantations
Horrified the north / infuriated and
banned by south
Considered most widely sold book ever
– united north against slavery
“So you’re the little woman who wrote
the book that made this great war.”
SLIDE A
SLIDE B
SLIDE C
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
Fed Government wants to divide
up the remainder of Louisiana
Purchase
Creates 2 new states: Kansas,
Nebraska
Stephen Douglas, senator from
IL, wants to have
transcontinental railroad run
through IL
Introduces Kansas-Nebraska
Act
Kansas-Nebraska Act :
Repealed Missouri Comp.
Popular Sovereignty in new
territories
Opposed in the north
Passed by President Pierce
NE = chooses to be free
KA = battleground for Civil
War
EFFECTS OF KA-NE ACT
1st was the Sack of Lawrence
Thousands of Free-Soil northerners and
southern border ruffians swept into Kansas
and competed for the vote over slavery. At
Lawrence, a posse of about 800 men went in
and burned the antislavery headquarters to
the ground
VIOLENCE IN THE SENATE
MA Senator Charles Sumner gives a two-day speech regarding the evil of slavery
Insults SC Senator Butler
Two days later – House member Preston Brooks (SC) attacks Sumner with gold
tipped cane for insults toward his cousin
Southern chivalry – defend family fiercely
Sumner unable to work for years – re-elected but seat kept vacant
Brooks – resigns from House, returns to SC where he is praised a hero
re-elected to House by S. Carolina
2ND WAS THE “POTTAWATOMIE MASSACRE
JOHN BROWN CAUGHT WIND OF THE SACK OF
LAWRENCE AND DECIDED THAT GOD HAD SENT HIM TO
RID THE WORLD OF SLAVERY
BUTCHERED 5 PRO-SLAVERY SETTLERS IN KA AND
LEFT MUTILATED BODIES FOR ALL TO SEE…SCARE
PRO-SLAVE SUPPORTERS
JOHN BROWN
Anti slavery Fanatic
Called by God
Bleeding Kansas
Caught and Hanged at Harper’s Ferry
http://www.history.com/topics/bleedingkansas/videos/john-browns-last-speech
HARPER’S FERRY
https://safeshare.tv/x/ss589b26b095281
John Brown and 5 sons plan to incite a slave rebellion in Virginia
Plan to seize federal armory at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
Get escaped slaves to help raid, be armed, and start rebellion
No slaves get news of the plan – word spreads of Brown’s plan to
fed. Gov’t
Raid put down by U.S.. Marines led by Col. Robert E. Lee
5 sons die – Brown charged with treason and hung
THE BIRTH OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY
WHIG PARTY SPLIT
Whigs
Opposed Fugitive
Slave Act
Lukewarm
support to the
Compromise of
1850
Know Nothing Party
Nativism
Fence riders
FORMATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES
PARTY
ESTABLISHED
PLATFORMS
Free Soil
1848
Anti extension of
slavery
Pro Labor
Know Nothing
Anti-Immigration
Anti-Catholic
Whig
1854 (American
Party)
1834
Republican
1854
Opposed expansion
of slavery into
territories
Democratic
1840
(DemocraticRepublican)
States Rights
Limited Government
Divided on slavery
Pro-business
Divided on Slavery
SECESSION
DRED SCOTT V. SANFORD
Slave from Missouri
Owner moved to free state
Scott believed he should be free
Owner moved back to slave state and took
Scott with him
Court ruled in favor of owner, slaves did not
have the same rights as citizens
Government could not restrict slave owners
from moving slaves within the U.S.
CHANGE IS OWN THE HORIZON
A NEW NAME BEGINS TO EMERGE AS THE SAVOR FOR
THE UNION
A
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ELECTION OF 1860
John Bell
John Breckinridge
Stephen Douglas
Abraham Lincoln
FORMATION OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF
AMERICA
Southern States formed
together
Jefferson Davis
Union is in peril
Southern states left the
Union as soon as Lincoln
won the election