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Political Spectrum • Revolutions • 19th Century ISMS (green power point) Wars and Treaties Frederick William, the Great Elector • R. 1640-1688 • Brought Peace to Brandenburg after the 20 Years’ War • Junkers (Prussian nobles) on his side for building a military presence to bring peace to the area • Other European powers wanted a Protestant counter weight to the Catholic HRE Frederick William, the Great Elector • • • • • Centralized the political administration Reorganized the state finances rebuilt towns and cities Developed a strong army Acquiring clear sovereignty over Prussia. Frederick I r. 1701-1713 • Title king of Prussia from HRE for supporting him in the War of the Spanish Succession • Ruled over a well-organized state, widely respected for its sound finances and efficient army. • He and other Fredericks were Calvinist and ruled by divine right Frederick I r. 1701-1713 • An influx of Dutch and French Protestants was instrumental in the creation of new industries, the reclamation of land, and the stimulation of intellectual life. • Continued adding territory Frederick I r. 1701-1713 • Title king of Prussia from HRE for supporting him in the War of the Spanish Succession • Ruled over a well-organized state, widely respected for its sound finances and efficient army. • He and other Fredericks were Calvinist and ruled by divine right Frederick William I, r. 17131740 • Eliminated last traces of self government in provinces of Prussia • Truly established Prussian absolutism • Established a military state • 12 in Population 4th largest military • “Sparta of the North” • Junkers led the army • Forced conscription Jeopardy! Misc. France Prussia Austria Wildcard Greece Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $500 Q $500 Q $500 Q $500 Q $500 Q $500 Final Jeopardy $100 Question for Misc. Powerful force for both unity and disunity in 1800s Europe $100 Answer Misc. Nationalism $200 Question for Misc. 1) Conservative Statesman who dominated Europe for thirty years after the 2) Congress of Vienna. He fled Austria during the Revolutions of 1848. $200 Answer for Misc. Metternich $300 Question for Misc. • Two countries that didn’t experience revolution in the 1830s and 1840s + why $300 Answer for Misc. • Great Britain—stable, representative government • Russia—oppressive tsars and no middle class $400 Question for Misc. • 4 results of the Congress of Vienna $400 Answer for Misc. • • • • Congress System implemented Holy Alliance France lost territory to 1792 borders Balance of Power politics until the Crimean War $500 Question for Misc. 3. Reasons why the Revolutions of 1848 generally failed $500 Answer for Misc. • The working and middle classes failed to stay united. • Limited gains were made and revolutionaries were satisfied. • The military tended to support monarchs. $100 Question France • Tell us two things about Louis XVIII $100 Answer France • Napoleon replaced him during the 100 Days • Returned to power by the Congress of Vienna • Constitutional Charter (Parliament with two houses, artistic freedom, acknowledged gains made my middle and lower classes during the French revolution of 1789; 100,000 could vote) • More conservative after his heir was assassinated $200 Question France • Tell us two things about Charles X $200 Answer France • Authoritarian • War with Algeria • Repudiated the Charter of 1815 (censored the press and stripped the middle class rights) • “Three Glorious Days” July—his government crashed and he fled in 1830 $300 Question France • Tell us two things about Louis Phillipe $300 Answer France • • • • • R. 1830-1848 “Bourgeois Monarch” Protected status quo of the middle class Peasants and social reformers disappointed Would not pursue electoral reform so students and workers revolted in Feb., 1848 • A provisional government formed— creation of 2nd republic $400 France • What were the National Workshops $400 France • Set up by the provisional government • Work and education programs for the working poor • Louis Blanc liked these. • Dissolved by the conservative wing of the Provisional Government—the “June Days” revolt resulted. $500 France • Tell about Liberty Leading the People and the result of the June Days Revolution $500 France • Working class slaughter • Constituent Assembly (provisional government) wrote a new constitution with a strong executive • Enter Napoleon III $100 Austria • Where did the revolution in the Austrian Empire begin? $100 Answer Austria • • • • Hungary Autonomy Universal Suffrage Full civil liberties $200 Question Austria • What resulted when students and workers in Vienna took to the streets? $200 Answer Austria • The Emperor (Ferdinand I) abolished serfdom • Promised a new constitution • Metternich fled. • Middle Class and Working Class divided $300 Question Austria • Identify one things that undermined Hungarian attempts at autonomy in 1848 $300 Answer Austria • Different ethnical groups within Hungary didn’t want to be controlled by Hungarians. • Russian troops subdued the Hungarians. • Working class revolts were crushed in Vienna and Prague which emboldened the Austrian efforts against Hungary. $400 Austria question • What event weakened Austria enough to grant Hungary a dual monarchy in the 1860s? $400 Austria Answer • The Austro-Prussian War $500 Question Austria • When did Hungary become an independent nation? $500 Answer Austria • After WWII $100 Question from Prussia • What promise did Frederick William IV make to revolting workers and middle class Prussian citizens (he never followed through)? $100 Answer from Prussia • A liberal Constitution • Merge Prussia into a unified German state $200 Question from Prussia • What was the name of the Assembly that tried to write a German federal constitution in 1848 but was unsuccessful in doing so? $200 Answer from Prussia • The Frankfurt Assembly $300 Question from Prussia • With which country did Prussia fight in 1849 over the Schleswig-Holstein territory? $300 Answer from Prussia • Denmark $400 Question from Prussia • Which two countries crushed early German attempts to unify (in the 1840s and 1850s)? $400 Answer from Prussia • Austria • Russia $500 Question from Prussia • Tell us something about Germany unification $500 Answer from Prussia • Answers will vary. $100 Question from Greece • Who ruled Greece from the 1400s to 1830? $100 Answer Greece • The Ottomans $200 Question from Greece • Who led the Greeks in their revolts against the Ottomans? $200 Answer from Greece • Ypsilanti $300 Question from Greece • Why did the great powers such as Russia, GB, and France eventually side with the Greeks? $300 Answer from Greece • They wanted to weaken the Ottomans. $400 Question from Greece • Which famous Romantic poet and writer went to Greece to support Greek independence? $400 Answer from Greece • Lord Byron $500 Question Greece • How did Greece inspire the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution? $500 Answer from Greece • Answers will vary $100 Question from Britain and ? This literary and artistic movement during the beginning of the 19th century emphasized feelings and emotion. $100 Answer from Wildcard Romanticism $200 Question from Wildcard • Name two Romantic authors or painters and two works $200 Answer from Wildcard • Answers will vary. $300 Question from Wildcard • Name two French Utopian Socialists during the 1800s $300 Answer from Wildcard • • • • Blanc Organization of Work Saint Simon Proudhon What is Property Fourier $400 Question from Wildcard • Tell us four things about Karl Marx $400 Answer from Wildcard • First and Second Socialist Internationals • Hegelian Dialectic • Co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Engels • “Workers of the world unite!” • Atheist $500 Question from Wildcard • Tell us about three of the following: – – – – – The Corn Laws The Six Acts Reform Bill of 1832 People’s Charter Ten Hours Act $500 Answer from Wildcard • I will explain. Final Jeopardy Category Nationalism in Italy Final Jeopardy This state took the lead in Italian unification. Final Jeopardy Answer Sardinia/Piedmont