Download Chapter 24 24-2) What is the difference between aliphatic and

Chapter 24
24-2) What is the difference between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons?
Aliphatic hydrocarbons do not contain the benzene group, or benzene ring, whereas
aromatic hydrocarbons contain one or more benzene rings.
24-3) What do ''saturated'' and ''unsaturated'' mean when applied to hydrocarbons? Give
examples of saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Saturated hydrocarbons contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can bond
with number of carbon atoms present.
Examples:
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2 CH3
CH3
,
n-pentane
CH
CH2
CH2 CH3
2-methylpentane
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are compounds with double or triple carbon-carbon bonds that
enable them to add hydrogen atoms.
Examples:
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH
CH2
,
CH3
C
1-pentene
C
CH2
CH2
2-pentyne
24-7) What is Markonikov's rule?
Markonikov's rule stats that in the addition of unsymmetrical polar reagents to alkenes,
the positive portion of the reagent (usually hydrogen) adds to the carbon atom that already
has the most hydrogen atoms.
24-14) Draw all possible isomers for the molecule C3H5Br?
H
CH3
H
C C
Br
H
Br
,
CH3
C C
H
H
H
CH2Br
C C
,
H
1
H
,
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
Br
24-26) Name the following compounds?
CH3
(a)
CH3
C2H5 CH3 CH3
CH
CH2
CH2 CH3
(b)
CH3
2-methylpentane
CH
CH
CH CH3
2,3,4-trimethylhexane
CH3
(c)
CH3
CH2
CH
CH2 CH3
CH2
(d)
CH2
CH2 CH3
CH
CH
CH
CH2
3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene
3-ethylhexane
(e)
CH3
C
C
CH2
CH2
(f)
CH3
2-pentyne
CH2
CH
CH
CH2
3-phenyl-1-pentene
24-28) Write the structural formulas for the following compounds:
(a)
trans-2-pentene
H3C
H
C
H
C
H
4-ethyl- trans-2-heptene
CH3
H
(d)
H
C
CH2CH3
C
CH2CH3
H
(c)
(b) 2-ethyl-1-butene
C
CH2CH3
3-phenyl-butyne
H C C
C
CHCH2CH2CH3
CH2CH3
2
CH CH3
24-32) Name the following Compounds:
NO2
Cl
(a)
(b)
CH2CH3
Cl
NO2
CH3
1,3-dichloro-4-methylbenzene
2-ethyl-1,4-dinitrobenzene
CH3
CH3
(c)
H3C
CH3
1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene
24-36) Classify each of the following molecules as alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic
acid, amine or other.
(a) CH3
(b) CH3
O
CH3 (Ether)
CH2
CH2
(Amine)
NH2
O
(c) CH3
CH2
(d) CH3
C
C
CH2
H
(Aldehyde)
CH3 (Ketone)
O
O
(e) H C OH
(f) CH3
CH2CH2
(Carboxylic Acid)
OH (Alcohol)
NH2 O
(g)
CH2
C
C
OH
(Amino Acid)
H
3
24-42) Identify the functional groups in each of the following molecules:
(a) CH3CH2COCH2CH2CH3 (Ketone)
(b) CH3COOC2H5 (Ester)
(c) CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH3 (Ether)
24-50) How many carbon-carbon sigma bonds are present in each of the following
molecules?
Compound
Structure
(a) 2-butyne
CH3
C
C
Number of sigma
() bonds
3
CH3
(b) anthracene
16
(c) 2,3-dimethylpentane
CH3
6
CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3
CH3
24-58) Write the structural formula of an aldehyde that is a structural isomer of acetone?
Propanaldehyde CH3CH2CHO is the structural isomer of acetone CH3COCH3.
24-60) Name the classes to which the following compounds belong:
(d) C4H9OH (Alcohol)
(e) CH3OC2H5 (Ether)
(f) C2H5CHO (Aldehyde)
(g) C6H5COOH (Carboxylic acid)
(h) CH3NH2 (Amine)
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