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Matter, Elements, Atoms and the Periodic Table
To understand how matter, elements, atoms and the periodic table fit together
please read the information below. You will have several tasks to complete. Make
sure you read the directions completely and finish all the requirements.
Task 1 Read the definitions below and answer the questions.
Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space.
Element – A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by
chemical or physical means
Compound – A substance that is made of two or more elements chemically
combined.
Atom – The smallest particle of an element
Molecule – A combination of two or more atoms
Particle – A very small bit of matter.
Questions
1. What is the difference between elements and compounds?
2. What is the difference between an atom, molecule and particle?
True and False (use the definitions for reference)
3. _____Elements are found in compounds
4. _____Atoms are found in elements and compounds
5. _____Particle are found in atoms, molecules, elements and compounds
6. _____Atoms are found in molecules
7. _____Molecules can be found in elements and compounds
Task 2 Open the chemistry textbook to page 77. Read under the heading
Mendeleev and answer the questions below.
8. Who discovered the hidden pattern in the elements? In what year?
9. What were some of his first observations that lead him to think there might
be a pattern?
10. What properties did he know about the element did he write on individual
cards?
11. What were the other two properties that were recorded?
12. What is atomic mass?
Task 3 Read pages 77 and 78 in the chemistry textbook under the heading of
The First Periodic Table and then write a three sentence summary below of
how Mendeleev developed the first periodic table.
Task 4 Read Pages 78-79 in the chemistry textbook under the heading The
periodic Table and the Atom. Answer the questions below.
13. What was discovered in the early 1900’s that caused the most amount of
change in Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?
14. What is in the center of an atom called?
15. What two particles does the nucleus hold?
16. What particles are outside of the nucleus?
17. What electrical charge does a proton carry?
18. What electrical charge does an electron carry?
19. What electrical charge does a neutron carry?
20. What is the difference between the atomic number and the atomic mass?
21. How do chemists arrange the periodic table now by atomic number or atomic
mass? Why?
Task 4 Read page 82 under the heading Reading the Periodic Table and the
subheading Inside the Square. Then answer the questions below.
What are the four pieces of information you can find inside an elements square on
the periodic table?
Draw the square of your element that you made a matchbook for include
everything in the square. You can use the periodic table on page 80-81.
Task 5 Read the following information about the families found in the periodic
table. Then follow the directions for highlighting the families on the attached
periodic table.
The Families of the Periodic Table
Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Some are
semi-conductors and can carry an electrical charge. They are useful in
calculators and computers. The elements include: Boron, Silicon,
Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, and Polonium.
Pick a highlighter and color all of the members of the Metalloid Family
the color you selected. Make a key at the bottom of the page.
Alkali metals are highly reactive, soft solids with low melting points.
They are malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and
electricity. The elements include: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium,
Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium.
Pick a highlighter and color all of the members of the Metalloid Family
the color you selected. Make a key at the bottom of the page.
Alkaline earth metals are similar to alkali metals but less reactive and
with higher melting points. They are usually found in the Earth’s crust.
The elements include: Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium,
Barium, and Radium.
Pick a highlighter and color all of the members of the Metalloid Family
the color you selected. Make a key at the bottom of the page.
Transition metals are metallic solids with a high melting point and high
electrical conductivity. They are ductile and malleable. The elements
include: Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron,
Cobalt, Nickel, Platinum, Gold, Mercury, Rutherfordium, Dubnium,
Seaborgium, Bohrium, Hassium, Meitnerium, Molybdenum, Technetium,
Ruthenium, Palladium, Silver, Cadmium, Hafnium, Tantalum, Copper,
Zinc, Yttrium, Zirconium, Ununbium, Niobium, Iridium, Darmstadtium,
Tungsten, and Rhenium
Pick a highlighter and color all of the members of the Metalloid Family
the color you selected. Make a key at the bottom of the page.
Other metals are all solid, opaque and have a high density. The
elements include: Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Tin, Thallium, Lead, and
Bismuth
Pick a highlighter and color all of the members of the Metalloid Family
the color you selected. Make a key at the bottom of the page.
Nonmetals are not easily able to conduct electricity or heat. They do
not reflect light. Non-metallic elements are very brittle and cannot be
rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. They can either be gases or
solids at room temperature. The elements include: Hydrogen, Carbon,
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Selenium.
Pick a highlighter and color all of the members of the Metalloid Family
the color you selected. Make a key at the bottom of the page.
Halogens are non-metals that are highly reactive with low boiling
points. Any halogen element in a compound forms “salt”. The elements
include: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, and Astatine.
Pick a highlighter and color all of the members of the Metalloid Family
the color you selected. Make a key at the bottom of the page.
Noble gases are non-metals that are very stable with low boiling points
and low reactivity. The elements include: Helium, Neon, Argon,
Krypton, Xenon, and Radon.
Pick a highlighter and color all of the members of the Metalloid Family
the color you selected. Make a key at the bottom of the page.
Rare earth elements are composed of the Lanthanide series and the
Actinide series. Most of the Actinide series is man made.
The elements include:
Lanthanide: Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium,
Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium,
Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, and Lutetium.
Pick a highlighter and color all of the members of the Metalloid Family
the color you selected. Make a key at the bottom of the page.
Actinide: Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium, Uranium, Neptunium,
Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Berkelium, Californium, Einsteinium,
Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium.
Pick a highlighter and color all of the members of the Metalloid Family
the color you selected. Make a key at the bottom of the page.