Download Ch 28 answers all Sr 28-1 #1: 3 arthropod features: a) tough

Ch 28 answers all
Sr 28-1 #1: 3 arthropod features: a) tough exoskeleton, jointed appendages, segmented body
4 sub-phyla: 1)Trilobita: extinct p. 608
2) Chelicerata (spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, horseshoe crabs), 3) Crustacea
(crabs, shrimp), 4) Uniramia (centipedes, millipedes, insects: bees, moths, grasshoppers, flies, beetles)
2) metamorphosis: fg 28-15
2 types: a) incomplete: arthropod hatches from an egg and looks similar to the adult but is missing
a few body parts; keeps growing and molt until adult form is achieved: egg → nymph→ adult
b) complete
metamorphosis: development has stages where the organisms does not look anything like the adult egg → larva → pupa → adult
pupa and larva look nothing like the adult
3) a) gills p. 621: usually aquatic; movement of mouthparts and other appendages keep water flowing over gils
b) book gills/ book lungs p. 617: sheets of paper are layered like pages of a book increase surface area for diffusion of gases; may be
connected to the outside by a hole called a spiracle
c) tracheal tubes p. 611; most terrestrial arthropods long branching tracheal tubes throughout the body (like blood vessels) diffuse
oxygen and remove CO2 directly from the tissues; movement of muscles cause the tubes to contract and expand acting like a pump,
only efficient enough for small animals
4) spiracles are openings that connect to the tracheal tubes or book lungs. When it is very hot outside, these arthropods may close
some of these spiracles to reduce the water from evaporating out of their bodies. It prevents the insides of the arthropod from drying
out. May also allow arthropod to not drown if temporarily immersed in water
SR 28-2 #1) subphylum chelicerata: arthropods that have a 2 part body (cephalothorax and abdomen), No antennae (sensory feelers),
specialized mouthparts called chelicerae p. 617
Cephalothorax contains: brain, eyes, mouth, mouthparts, Esophagus, digestive system and walking legs
Abdomen contains: most internal organs
Ex: horseshoe crabs: p. 618
oldest group (living fossil)
Arachnids:
all have 4 pairs of walking legs, pedipalps for holding and capturing prey, chelicerae for biting and sucking
out preys soft parts
Ex: mites, ticks, scorpions, spider
#2) silk: produced by spiders: strong, flexible protein
used for: webs to trap prey, cocoons for eggs, wrapping up prey
#3) spider chelicerae: hollow fangs inject paralyzing venom
tick (parasites) chelicerae : needle-like structures pierce the skin of host, may have large teeth to keep a firm hold on the host
SR 28-3 Crustaceans p. 620
#1) cephalothorax: part of the exoskeleton that has the head and thorax segments fused together: it
is covered by a tough shell called the carapace
#2) appendages p. 621
1st and 2nd appendages = antennae (sensory hairs, primarily as sense organs for crayfish); some
use them for filter feeding; water fleas use them for propulsion
3rd pair = mouthparts: mandibles for biting and grinding food,
filtering food, needle-like for sucking blood, probe-like for finding and picking up detritus
appendages on thorax and
abdomen: great variation: filter feeding (barnacles), legs for walking or paddles for swimming, carrying eggs, spearing prey,
burrowing, internal fertilization, large claws (crabs and crayfish), swimmerets for swimming
#3) scoop it tail-first because the crayfish uses its paddle-like tail appendages to move backwards
28-4 phylum: arthropoda: subphylum Uniramia: insects and Relatives #1) subphylum Uniramia (1 pair of antennae and appendages
that do not branch)
class: millipedes: p. 622 milli-thousand, 2 pairs of legs per segment
detritus feeders, timid, damp places: rocks and logs
class: centipedes: p. 622 centi = 100, pede legs
carnivore: earthworms, mice, snakes toads arthropods
each segment has 1 pair of legs
1 pair of poison claws on 1st segment
#2) class insecta: p. 623 3 part body plan: head, thorax, abdomen:
thorax has 3 pairs of legs
#3) insect communication: many kinds: sound, visual, chemical, other
non social insects communicate for mate location: ex: a) sound: crickets chirp by rubbing forewings together, cicadas buzz by
vibrating membranes on the abdomen
b) light: fireflies have a light-producing organ; males flash light, wingless females (glowworm) flashes back
c) pheromones: chemicals that affect behavior or development, ex female moth p. 626 releases pheromone,
male moth many km away can smell it with it’s chemoreceptors
social insects: termites, wasps, bees, ants; several castes (types) of individuals which do different jobs = division of labor = much
communication each species has own signals:
ex: short term memory pheromones for: signal alarm, death of a member of the
colony, presence of food
ex: pheromones for control of colony like: queen substance that prevents the development of rival
queens in the colony
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#4) mouthparts: insects have 3 pairs of appendages that are used as mouthparts: great variety depending on insect niche
ex:
mosquito has sharp tube that is used to pierce skin and suck blood
butterfly mouthparts are fused together to form a long
tube that is used for sipping nectar
bee: mouthparts are used for chewing and gathering nectar
#5) waggle dance: p. 627 round dance: food within 50 m of hive, indicates quality of food source
waggle dance: food > 50 m from hive
#6)
queen releases queen substance hormone which causes worker bees to be unable to lay eggs
SR 28-5 #1) 2/3rd of all plants depend on insects to pollinate them (pass the sperm to the egg of the plant); ex: bees, butterflies, wasps,
moths, flies
bees produce honey, silkworms produce silk
#2) food web: food for: protists, plants, (Venus fly trap) sea anemones, fishes, frogs, turtles, birds, whales, human
symbiosis (mutualism): p. 629
cleaner shrimp eats parasites and debris from the mounts and body of other aquatic
organisms
commensalism: bed mites feed on dead skin and oil in our beds
predators: many insects are predators or parasites that prey on harmful species
chemical production / synthesis: horseshoe-crab blood used to test the purity of medications,
chitin: extracted from crustacean shells us used to dress wounds and to make thread for surgical stitches,
sprayed onto fruit and frozen food to prevent spoilage and to preserve flavor
barnacle adhesive: extreme glue that can be used under water and hardens very quickly, for dentistry
spider venom as a pesticide, spider silk used in aircraft, helmets, bullet proof vests and surgical thread
#3) locusts and “med flies” destroy crops → starvation and poverty
arachnids: billions of $ damage: ticks to livestock and mites to crops
some are poisonous, few can cause death
mosquitoes bite some are vectors which transmit the plasmodium that causes malaria, yellow fever
biting flies are vectors for sleeping sickness and river blindness
fleas can carry bubonic plague
termites can destroy wooden structures
boll weevils destroy cotton
ch 28 rev
mc
1. a
2. c
3. c
4. a
5. b
6. d
7. d
8. b
tf
1. F larval
2. F open
3. F. millipedes 4. F. chelicerae 5. F. trilobite 6. F. chelicerata
7. f. carbohydrate chitin 8. T
Wr #1. tracheal tube, book lung, spiracle are all respiratory structures : pupa is part of the developmental growth
2. green gland, gill, Malpighian tubule are all part of the metabolic waste excretory systems; chitin is what makes up the
exoskeleton
3. mandible, chelicera, pedipalp are all modified appendages near the mouth ; walking legs are modified
appendages away from the mouth and used for locomotion
4. chelicerates, uniramians, crustaceans are all subphyla
in the phyla arthropoda; insects are a group within the subphyla uniramians
cm #1 Beetles: phylum arthropoda, subphyla Uniramia, class insecta undergo complete metamorphosis (p.614) see sr 281 #2, dragonflies undergo incomplete metamorphosis
cm #2, subphyla mandibulata: mouthparts that come from 3 pairs of appendages, including one pair of mandibles. Insects
have mandibles and so do crustaceans subphyla chelicerata have 2 sets of appendages for mouthparts, the second being
the chelicera, Arachnids, and horseshoe crabs fit in this category. Most experts may not favor this classification method
because most of the phyla arthropoda would all be in the 1 subphyla mandibulata??
This subphyla would be too large?
#3, crayfish, representative of the phyla arthropoda which means, jointed foot have the following unifying 3
characteristics
p.620: arthropoda characteristics: jointed feet as in walking legs, tough exoskeleton, segmentation
as in the cephalothorax and an abdomen
#4 juvenile hormone p.616, is a chemical that keeps an insect in larval form after molting. A chemical that binds with
juvenile hormone would make it inactive and therefore cause the larva to try and develop into an adult form when it is
much too small. This adult would probably not survive life as an adult.
Cct #1) their book lungs would not be efficient enough, their body would be too big for their legs and muscles to support
its weight. Exoskeletons are heavy?
#2) maybe the blue crabs are “in-between” molts and the exoskeleton has not had
enough time to harden yet
#3) pheromones p. 626. the dying hornet releases a pheromone that signals to others that
an “invader” has entered the environment and needs to be removed.
#4 wasps are predators of small
invertebrates. These wasps may eat the insects that are eating the crops (biological pest control) #5a; 1 bee found the
sugar drink and reported it to the hive which brought others.
5b the bees are only focused on the single food source
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and have not discovered the other ones yet?
quicker then generalists.
#6 specialists by definition can perform a single task more accurately and
Answers Ws 28-1a intro to Arthropods p. 607
Name:
B:
D:
1. A minimum of how many species of arthropods exist in this phylum?
1 000 000
2. How many living subphyla are there?
3
3. List the organisms that exist in the subphyla Chelicerata?
Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions,
horseshoe crabs
4. In the subphyla Crustacea?
Crabs and shrimp
5. In the subphyla Uniramia?
Centipedes, millipedes, insects ( bees, moths, grasshoppers, flies,
beetles)
6. List the subphyla of each of the organisms in fg 28-1.
Scorpion (chelicerate), moth (uniramian),
shrimp (crustacean)
7. Where and when did arthropods first exist?
600 000 000 ya, oceans
8. Which animals were the first to occupy land?
Arthropods
9. Describe each appendage of organisms in the extinct subphylum Trilobita.
Each appendage was divided
into a walking leg and a gill
10. What are the 2 major evolutionary trends away from the trilobite form?
Fewer body segments,
increased specialization of the arthropod appendages ex: for feeding, locomotion and others
11. List the 3 major features of all arthropods.
Exoskeleton, jointed appendages, segmented body
12. What is the exoskeleton of arthropods made of?
The carbohydrate chitin
13. Describe insect exoskeletons:
flexible and leathery
14. Describe tick and lobster exoskeletons.
Hard
15. What is the main advantage of having an exoskeleton that is waterproof?
Restricts the loss of
water and allows arthropods to live in dry environments such as deserts
16. Fg 28-4 Which organisms have a hard exoskeleton?
Lobster and tick
17. Which have flexible leathery ones?
Moth caterpillar
18. Where must all the movement happen in organisms that have a hard exoskeleton?
Between the
joints of the armor
19. What does arthropod mean?
Arthro = joint
pod = foot
20. List the types of specialized structures the arthropod appendages have evolved into. Antennae, claws,
walking legs, wings, flippers and others
21. What has happened to the many segments of arthropods over the course of evolution?
Some
segements have fused together
22. Fg 28-5 How does the water flea move through the water?
23. List 3 different kinds of external parasites.
Fleas, ticks, lice
24. What do many marine arthropods eat?
Filter out tiny plants and animals from the water
25. How do they eat?
Use comblike bristles on their mouthparts or legs as filters
26. Fg 28-6.
Which is the herbivore?
Lubber grasshopper
27. List the 3 possible respiratory structures in arthropods.
Gills / book gills, book lungs, tracheal tubes
28. Where are the gills located in crabs and shrimp?
Under their exoskeleton
29. What structure formed these gills?
Appendages that form mouthparts and legs
30. What keeps water flowing over the gills?
Movement of mouthparts and other appendages
31. Fg 28-7
What is unusual about the fiddler crab being on land?
It uses gills to breath
32. Which organisms have book lungs?
Spiders and their relatives
33. What is the purpose of having sheets of tissue that are layered lie pages in a book?
Increases the surface
area for gas exchange
34. What is the function of a spiracle?
Connects the book lung sac with the air outside
35. Fg 28-8 Where are the spiracles located on the grasshopper?
On the ventral / side
36. Give the additional respiratory structure often found in most terrestrial arthropods.
Tracheal tubes
37. What is the function of tracheal tubes?
Tubes that connect with the spiracles and supplies oxygen by
diffusion to all body tissues
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38. Why is movement essential for many terrestrial arthropods to breath?
Body muscles cause the
tracheal tubes to shrink and expand thus pumping air in and out of the spiracles
Answers Ws 28-1b intro to Arthropods cont. p. 612
Name:
B:
D:
1. Which kind of circulatory system do most arthropods have?
open
2. Describe the heart in spiders and some insects.
Long and narrow stretching along the abdomen
3. What are sinuses?
Spaces in the tissues that contain blood
4. Where does solid undigested food leave the body?
Anus
5. Where does nitrogen containing waste come from?
Cellular metabolism
6. Give the function of Malpighian tubules.
in most terrestrial arthropods such as insects and spiders these
tubules remove wastes from the blood, concentrate them and adds them to the undigested food waste that
leaves via the anus
7. How is nitrogen containing waste in many aquatic arthropods removed?
It diffuses out of the body at
unarmoured places and often out through the gills
8. Fg 28-8 p. 611. Where is the heart located?
Dorsal/posterior
9. The Malpighian tubules?
Middle of organism
10. Fg 28-9. How does each organism remove nitrogenous waste?
Beetle-Malpighian tubules, crab-gills
11. Describe the arthropod brain.
A pair of ganglia in the head
12. What connects to the brain?
ventral nerve cord
13. How can an arthropod walk or flap their wings when their heads are cut off?
Each segment have a separate
ganglia that coordinates the movement of legs and wings without the need for communication with the brain
14. Describe a compound eye.
Has more than 2000 separate lenses that can detect color and motion
15. List some ways in which arthropod eyes are better than our own.
Moving fan blades are clear (better
motion detection), can see ultraviolet light
16. List some locations that Arthropods have chemical receptors (taste and smell). Mouthparts, antennae, legs
17. Some crustaceans and insects can detect movement in the air or water with the use of?
Sensory hairs
18. Give the location of insect eardrums. Behind their legs.
19. Give the significance of the red hourglass on the black widow fg 28-11. Warns organisms that the widow is
poisonous
20. 2 key factors that help protect arthropods are…
well-developed sense organs, tough exoskeleton
21. Scorpions, bees, some ants, spiders, centipedes all have what in common?
Venomous bites
22. How can some crabs escape predators?
Drop a leg that keeps moving while it escapes
23. List the 3 types of protection shown on fg28-12.
1) stick bug = camouflage, 2) caterpillar = mimicry
3) hoverfly = mimicry
24. Fg 28-13, how is the leg extended outwards?
Blue muscles contract pulling exoskeleton leg straight
25. Reproduction is internal or external mostly?
Internal
26. Why must arthropods shed their exoskeletons sometimes?
To allow for increased body growth
27. 2 things the epidermis must do during molting is…..
1) digest the inner part of the exoskeleton, 2)
absorb much of the chitin in the exoskeleton for reuse
28. How long does the new exoskeleton take to harden?
Few hours – few days
29. Why do these arthropods hide during this time?
little protection from a soft exoskeleton
30. Define metamorphosis.
Radical change in form during growth
31. What is often missing during incomplete metamorphosis?
Wings and sex organs
32. When do the organisms gain these missing structures?
As adults
33. Fg 28-12.
What is happening.
Adult cicada is molting
34. What is a larva?
An organism that hatches from an egg that grows and looks nothing like an adult.
35. What is a pupa?
A stage in complete metamorphosis where the larva changes into an fully grown adult
36. Fg 28-15 p. 615
What is the major difference between completer metamorphosis and incomplete
metamorphosis?
Incomplete metamorphosis; organism changes gradually into an adult
i. Complete metamorphosis: organism forms an larva 1st, then turns into a pupa, and finally a
fully grown adult
37. Fg 28-16 p. 616 how is the pupa different between a honeybee and a caterpillar?
Insect pupa is wax,
caterpillar pupa is silk
38. Give the function of juvenile hormone.
Keep the insect in larval form during each molt
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39. When does the insect undergo a pupa to adult molt?
When there is no juvenile hormone left
40. Give 3 ways some plants defend themselves from some herbivorous insects?
Produce chemicals that prevent
molting, develop at the wrong rate, keep insects from becoming adults
41. Why are these plant chemicals important for human farmers?
Humans can synthesis them and
prevent insect crop damage without using poisonous insecticides
Answers Ws 28-2 Spiders and their Relatives
subphylum Chelicerata p. 617 N:
D:
B:
List some organisms in the subphylum Chelicerata.
Horseshoe crabs, ticks, scorpions
Give 2 characteristics of orgs in the subphylum Chelicerata.
2 part body, mouthparts called chelicerae
What do chelicerates not have that other arthropods do?
Antennae (sensory feelers)
Give the 2 parts of the body segments.
Cephalothorax and abdomen
What parts are at the anterior end of the cephalothorax?
Brain, eyes, mouth, mouthparts, esophagus
What parts are at the posterior end of the cephalothorax?
Digestive system, several pairs of walking legs
What does the abdomen mostly contain?
Most of the internal organs
What is a chelicerae?
A pair of appendages attached near the mouth that are adapted as mouthparts
How is a pedipalp different than a chelicera?
Pedipalps are longer
Fg. 28-17 p. 617.
What is connected to the pedipalps? Poison glands
What subphyla do crabs belong to ?
Crustacea
Why are horseshoe crabs called living fossils? They have barely changed in 430 000 000 years
How large can horseshoe crabs get?
60 cm
Fg. 28-18 p. 618. What is one of the functions of the plate-like structures on the abdomen?
Cover and protect the
gook gill’s “pages”
Which organisms fit in the class Arachnida?
Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
How many legs do arachnids have?
4, total of 8
What are the pedipalps often used for?
Capturing and holding prey
What are the chelicera often used for?
Biting and sucking out the prey’s soft parts
List the most common food source for arachnids.
Insects
What can some other arachnids eat?
Small vertebrates such as hummingbirds
List some capturing methods.
Webs, stalk and pounce, hide and camouflage and grab
Fg 28-19
What can tarantulas eat?
Small lizards
What does a spider do when it captures its prey?
Uses hollow fanglike chelicerae to inject paralyzing venom into
it
What does the injected enzymes do?
Break down the tissues and let the spider suck up the liquefied tissues
with its esophagus and pumping stomach
Fg. 28-17 p. 617 Where does the pumping stomach end?
Anus
What do all spiders produce?
Silk
How much stronger then steel is a spider web?
5 times
Give 3 uses of spider silk?
Webs, cocoons for eggs, wrappings for prey
Fg 28-17.
Where is the silk gland located?
Abdomen
What happens to the liquid silk after it comes out of the spinneret?
It hardens
Mites and ticks are what kind of arachnids?
Small
What are 3 common sources of food? Parasites on humans, farm animals, agricultural plants
What is the purpose of mite and tick’s chelicerae?
Pierce the skin of their hosts
Give the function of the pedipalps.
Dig in and hold onto the host
What do spider mites feed on?
Houseplants and agricultural crops
List 3 mites that cause rashes in humans, dogs, and other mammals.
Chiggers, mange, scabies
2 human diseases spread by ticks in Canada and the usa are… Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease
Fg 28-21.. 2 things unusual about the Red velvet mite are…
not parasites, quite large (1cm)
Fg 28-21How can biologists locate scorpions at night? Using a UV light
What type of climate do scorpions like?
Warm
What do scorpions eat?
Invertebrates, especially insects
Describe its pedipalps.
Very large and claw-like
What is at the end of its abdomen?
Venomous barb used to sting prey
What does the scorpion do with its chelicerae?
Chews its prey
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Why should people check their shoes in scorpion habitat?
Like warm, dark, moist places
Describe the venom of most North American scorpions?
Wasp sting
Answers ws 28-3 Crustaceans p. 620
Name:
B:
D:
1. How many members in this subphylum?
35 000
2. Where do most live?
Aquatic zones
3. What kind of organism is a pill bug?
Terrestrial crustacean
4. List the smallest and largest.
Water flea = 0.25 mm, Japanese spider crab = 6 m, lobster = 20 kg
5. List the 3 common characteristics of all crustaceans.
exoskeleton, 2 pair of antennae, mouthparts called
mandibles
6. Give the 3 main body parts.
Head, thorax, abdomen
7. Many crustaceans do not have an head and thorax but instead a ……
cephalothorax
8. What covers the cephalothorax?
Carapace
9. Fg 28-23, how many body segments are there in a crayfish?
2
10. Fg 28-23, What do you think a decapod is?
Deca = 10,
pod = foot
11. Which antennae are bigger?
2nd
12. What substance is responsible for the hardness of the shells? Calcium carbonate (limestone)
13. What is another name for crustacean “feelers”?
1st 2 pairs of antennae
14. List 3 different uses in different kinds of crustaceans for these first 2 pairs of appendages.
Primary sense
organs, filter feeding, oars for water propulsion
15. Give the name for the 3 pair of appendages.
Mandibles
16. List 4 modifications of mandibles in different species of crustaceans.
Biting and grinding food, filter
feeding bristles, probelike for finding and picking up detritus, needlelike for sucking blood
17. List 5 functions of modifications made to appendages of the thorax and abdomen in various crustaceans.
Barnacles have feathery appendages for filter feeding,
others have walking legs, paddles for
swimming, carrying eggs, spearing prey, burrowing, etc
18. Which body part do the claws of a crayfish originate from?
Thorax
19. The walking legs?
Thorax
20. Where do swimmerets originate?
Abdomen
21. What do the paddle-like appendages on the second to last abdominal segments and the final abdominal
segment do?
Moves the crayfish backward
22. Fg 26-23. What does the ventral nerve cord connect to?
Brain
23. Where is the heart located?
Dorsal cephalothorax
24. What structure are the gills located above?
Legs
25. What do the gonads look like?
Tiny round structures
26. What colour is the stomach?
Yellow
27. Fg 28-4. Where is the abdomen of a crab located?
Tucked under its cephalothorax
Answers
Ws 28-4 Insects and Their Relatives p. 622 Name:
B:
D:
1. What is unusual about the subphylum Uniramia?
More species then all other groups of animals
alive today
2. 3 major groups in this subphyla are?
Centipedes, millipedes, insects
3. List the 2 major characteristics about the subphyla Uniramia. 1 pair of antennae, appendages that do not
branch
4. What does Uniramia mean?
Uni = 1
ramus = branch
5. How is this different then crustaceans?
An appendage with 2 branches; often a gill and a leg
6. Where do most Uniramians live?
Land (terrestrial), some marine, few fresh water
7. Which 2 classes of the phyla arthropoda are quite small in number?
Centipedes and millipedes
8. Give 2 characteristics of the 2 classes centipedes and millipedes.
Long, wormlike, body with
many leg bearing segments
9. Fg 28-25. What is the major difference in structure?
2 pairs of legs per segment vs 1 pair of legs per
segments
10. Why do these organisms live in moist areas?
Cant close their spiracles and therefore lose water
easily from their bodies
11. Some typical centipedes might eat…. Arthropods, earthworms, toads, small snakes, mice
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How many pairs of legs per segment are there in the class centipede?
1 pair
The main weapon of the centipede is located on the first segment. What is it? Poison claw
How many more legs does a millipede have compared with a centipede?
2 times
Where do organisms in the class millipede live?
Damp, places under rocks and in rotting logs
What do they eat?
Dead and decaying plant material
2 ways that some in this class defend themselves are….
Role into a ball, release unpleasant smells or
toxins
How many different species in the class insect?
900 000
2 main characteristics of the class insecta are… 3 body segments (head, thorax, abdomen), 3 pairs of legs
attached to the thorax
4 additional characteristics of this class often are…… 1 pair of antennae, 1 pair of compound eyes, 2 pairs of
wings attached to the thorax, breathe through tracheal tubes
What does insect mean in latin?
Insectum = notched body
Fg 28-26. 6 main parts of an insect are…. Wings, antenna, head, thorax, abdomen, compound eye
How many pairs of appendages are used in mouthparts?
3
Fg 28-27; give the specific function of each of the 3 insects shown. Grasshopper; cut & chew plants, moth;
long tube for sucking nectar,
housefly; soaking up food
Other uses of insect legs include; spines and hooks for holding onto things, defense, jumping, capturing and
holding prey
List the only 3 groups of organisms that can fly. Birds, bats, insects
Fg 28-28. Which insects have 1 pair of wings that are not used for flight?
Beatles, may bugs
What organelle allows some insects to fly so well?
Over sized mitochondria in the muscle tissue
What is the temperature inside the wing muscle cells?
35 C
What is a society?
Separate individuals are dependent on one another for survival
What is a caste?
Type of individual within a society that performs a specific task
Fg 28-29.
Why are worker leaf-cutter ants carrying leaves and flower petals?
To feed fungus that
they will eventually eat
How many castes are shown in fg 28-30?
4
What happens to the successful reproductive bee male after it mates?
Dies
What gender are the workers in ant, bee, and wasp colonies?
Female
What is a glow-worm?
Female, wingless firefly
What is a pheromone?
Chemical that affects he behavior & / or development of other individuals of the
same species
List some of the signals a pheromone can signal in an insect society.
Alarm, death of a member of the
colony, presence of food
Why do ants drag their abdomens along the ground when they have found food?
Release pheromones
that indicates the path of the food
Why do queen honeybees release the pheromone queen substance?
Prevents worker bees from
laying eggs
fg 28-31, how far away can moths detect pheromones?
Several km
fg 28-32. What are the bees doing?
Communicating the location of food through dance
Answers
Sec 28-5
How Arthropods Fit into the World p. 629
N:
D:
B:
1. One major role arthropods play in the natural ecosystem is..
Food source
2. Why are flowering plants dependent upon insects?
Pollination
3. Describe the symbiotic relationship between the bull’s horn acacia tree and a certain species of ant.
Tree
feeds ants, ants protect the tree from other herbivorous organisms
4. Describe the symbiotic relationship between the cleaner shrimp and the queen angelfish. Fg 28-34
shrimp
gets parasites to eat, fish gets parasites removed
5. Describe the commensalism (one organisms benefits while the other is not harmed) that exists between
microscopic dust mites and humans.
Millions of dust mites eat dead skin and oil from our pores, no
harm comes to humans
6. List the organisms that are necessary for agriculture pollination.
Bees, butterflies, wasps, moths, and
flies
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What do bees and silkworms make?
Honey and silk
Asia and Japan eat a lot of?
Whole shrimp and shrimp paste
Delicacies in North America include….
Shrimp, crab, crayfish, lobster
Some in Asia and Africa eat…. Grasshoppers and termites
Many insects and spiders are good because they…. Are parasites or predators to other harmful organisms
What substance is used in stiches?
Chitin
What is chitin? (you should know)
Part of the exoskeleton
How can chitin be used in the food industry? Sprayed onto fruit and frozen food to prevent spoilage and
preserve flavour
What could barnacle glue be used for?
Dentistry and underwater construction and repair
Spider venom is being used as a natural …
pesticide
What is a pesticide? (you should know)
kills (cide) pests (things you do not want)
What are some potential applications for spider silk? Aircraft parts, helmets, bulletproof vests, surgical
thread
List some of the organisms that cause billions of dollars of damage each year to livestock and crops.
Locusts,
medflies, mites, ticks
2 diseases sometimes carried by mosquitoes are…
malaria, yellow fever
Biting flies can carry diseases such as…
sleeping sickness, river blindness
Fleas can carry …..
bubonic plague
Termites can damage…. Wooden structures
What do Boll Weevils eat?
Cotton plants
How do famers try to combat these pests?
Billions of dollars on poisonous chemicals
Biology update p. 628.
When did honey bees arrive in North America?
375 years ago
How did the mites kill 80% of the honey bees?
Kill larvae, attack tracheal tubes
3 potential ways to eliminate the mites are.
Change bee behavior: grooming; bees remove mites,
bees remove infected larva, develop insecticide to kill mites in the hives without killing bees
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