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Vet 104 – Cell Metabolism
Metabolism – the sum of all the biochemical reactions that occur
within an organism, including the synthetic (anabolic) &
decomposition (catabolic) reactions.
Anabolism – synthetic energy-requiring reactions whereby small
molecules are built up into larger ones.
Catabolism – chemical reqactions that break down complex organic
(carbon-containing) compounds into simple ones w/ the release of
energy.
Simple
compounds
Anabolism
complex
compounds
ATP
ADP +P
Catabolism
Energy
Enzymes:
Def. – a substance (usually a protein) that affects the speed of a
chemical reaction; a catalyst.
Apoenzyme – protein portion
Cofactor – non-protein (ion – Ca++, vitamins)
Holoenzyme – whole enzyme, active
Substrate – molecules that are changed by the enzyme (specific).
+/- energy
Energy Production (ATP)
Adenosine
P
P + energy + P
(ADP)
Adenosine
P
(ATPase)
P
P
(ATP)
Oxidative phosphorylation – addition of a phosphate group using the
energy generated by the transfer of electrons from one acceptor to
another. (mitochondria)
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
(Citric Acid Cycle)
FOOD
ENERGY
Simple
compounds
Anabolism
complex
compounds
ATP
Electron
Transport Chain
Glucose
ADP +P
NADH +
FADH2
Energy
Catabolism
Glycolysis,
Krebs
38 ATP’s
GLUCOSE
FADH2
Glycolysis & Kreb’s
cycle
Electron transport
chain
NADH = 3 ATP’s
Reduced coenzymes –
FADH2 = 2 ATP’s
H atoms contain energy
NET PRODUCTION of ATP from 1 GLUCOSE MOLECULE:
38
1 glucose (glycolysis) = 2 pyruvic acids + 2ATP + 4 NADH
2 pyruvic acids (krebs cycle) = 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP
10 NADH + 2 FADH2 (electron transport ) = 34 ATP