Download Reconstruction Notes

• 09/15/16
• What do you think will happen to the country
now that the war has ended?
• Take out your documents and questions. We
are writing the paragraph today.
•
WHAT CAUSED THE CIVIL WAR?
CREW
Claim: answer the question.
– This should include introductory background information
plus a concrete answer to the question in the form of a
thesis statement
• Reason: Supports claim with accuracy.
• Evidence and EXPLAIN how each citation supports &
clarifies your answer.
– Must include source, quote
– Make sure the citations actually support your answer
– Don’t restate citation, EXPLAIN why it backs you up
• Warrant: what you have written about & the points you
are making in your writing
• Each portion will require multiple sentences
Reconstruction
Lincoln
Radical Republicans
Reconstruction handout
Johnson
War is over, Union wins!
• Now the country has to be brought back together
– Slavery is over BUT the economic issues still exist, as do the
questions of what to do with freed slaves & how/if to punish
the South
• Country faces both economic & social rebuilding
The South is destroyed
• The Civil War ended April 9, 1865.
• Most of the land in the South was destroyed
by the Civil War. The South would need to be
rebuilt.
• Lincoln refers to this process as
RECONSTRUCTION
During the War
In 1863, Pres. Lincoln
announced the Emancipation
Proclamation. It declared that
all slaves should be set free in
the Confederacy. (Why?)
Problems
facingstates
Reconstruction
• How
should southern
be allowed to
reenter the US? On what terms?
• How should ex-confederates be treated?
• What does Emancipation mean?
• How should the new state governments be
formed? Should the old confederates be
elected?
Three Plans to Reconstruct the Nation
• Lincoln- President (beginning his second term)
• Radical Republicans- Majority in Congress
• Andrew Johnson- Lincolns VP
Lincoln’s Plan
President Lincoln wanted to reunite
the nation as quickly as possible.
Favored a lenient Reconstruction
policy.
• Any southern state with at least
10% of its voters making a pledge to
be loyal to the U.S. could be
readmitted to the Union. 10% Plan
• The South also had to accept a ban
on slavery.
• Full pardons for all except high
ranking southern military & gov’t
officials.
• Wanted a gov’t agency to assist
freed slaves.
Lincoln is assassinated
• Just six days after the war ended, on April
15, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was
assassinated while watching a play.
• Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes
Booth, a Southerner who was angry at
Lincoln.
• Vice-President Andrew Johnson became
president.
Radical Republicans in Congress
• Wanted to reunite the nation
• Lincoln’s plan angered a minority of
Republicans. They wanted to destroy
the political power of former
slaveholders.
• They also wanted African Americans to
be given full citizenship and the right to
vote.
Radical Republicans
• Iron Clad Oath
– Southerners must admit
& prove that they were
not in anyway responsible
for the war or never bore
arms against the US to
regain citizenship
• State Suicide Theory
– States lost ALL their
rights when they left
the Union
Radical Reconstruction
• Radicals want:
– Longer occupation of southern states by North
– Land Redistribution - Give abandoned land to
freed people
President Johnson
• Had the assassin's plot
gone as planned, Johnson
would have been killed
along with Lincoln; instead,
he became President.
• Racist Southerner had to
reconstruct the south,
including the extension of
civil rights and suffrage to
black Southerners.
• Wanted to reunite the
nation. Agreed with south
on slavery but not leaving
the Union.
Johnson’s Plan and Goals
•
Block efforts to force Southern states
to guarantee full equality for blacks.
•
The stage was set for a showdown
with congressional Republicans, who
viewed black voting rights as crucial
to their power base in the South.
•
Handed out thousands of pardons to
high ranking Confederates.
•
Allowed the South to set up "black
codes”=maintained slavery under
another name
The Plans Review
• Lincoln’s Plan
– Goal – reunify the Union
• Radical Republicans plan ( Congress)
– Goals – punish the South; give rights to freed
slaves
• Johnson’s Plan
– Favorable to the South
• Unable to come to an agreement before the
end of the war
• Complete the VENN diagram for each plan first
before doing the similarities
Crash Course Review
• Watch the video and complete the questions
as a review.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nowsS7p
MApI
09/19/19 Warm-up
• Everyone in the United States is free.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
• Be prepared to discuss and share!
With a partner:
Complete to bookwork from pages 87 to 91.
You have 60 minutes.
Successes and Failures of
Reconstruction.
Work with a partner to
complete the chart.
Were African American’s
really free?
Review
13th amendment- Slaves are Free!
• With the ending of the war, the slaves were
now free.
• The 13th Amendment to the Constitution was
passed.
• The 13th Amendment made slavery illegal
forever in the United States.
The 14th Amendment
• The 14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship
to all people born or naturalized within the
U.S. except for the Indians.
• It said that state governments could not
“deprive any person of life, liberty, or
property, without due process of law.”
15th Amendment
• In 1870 the 15th Amendment became law.
• The 15th Amendment gave African American
men the right to vote.
• Women’s rights activists were angry because
the amendment did not also grant women the
right to vote.
The Freedmen’s Bureau
• The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to
help poor blacks and whites in the South.
• The Freedmen’s Bureau established schools in
the South.
• Laws against educating slaves during the Civil
War meant that most ex-slaves did not know
how to read and write.
http://www.history.com/topics/blackhistory/sharecropping
Poor, illiterate and intimidated by widespread violence after the Civil War, many
former slaves agreed to sharecropping contracts, that were designed to keep
them poor.
The Black Codes
• The Black Codes were laws passed by
Southern states that limited the new-found
freedom of African Americans.
• Black Codes forced African Americans to
work on farms or as servants. They also
prevented African Americans from owning
guns, holding public meetings, or renting
property in cities.
Voting Rights
• Other laws were passed to keep blacks from
voting.
• One law said former slaves had to pay a tax to
vote. It was called a poll tax.
• Another law was passed that said a person
could only vote if their grandfather had voted.
These laws were called the Grandfather
Clause.
Literacy Tests
Ku Klux Klan
• In 1866 a group of white southerners created the Ku
Klux Klan.
• The KKK was a secret society opposed to African
Americans obtaining civil rights, particularly the right
to vote.
• The KKK used violence and intimidation to frighten
blacks.
• Klan members wore white robes and hoods to hide
their identities.
• The Klan was known to have murdered many people.
http://www.history.com/topics/ku-kluxklan/videos/the-kkk
Segregation and Jim Crow Laws
• Starting in 1881, blacks
had to stay in separate
hotels, sit in separate
parts of theaters, ride in
separate rail cars, and
have separate schools,
libraries, and parks. This is
known as segregation.
• Segregation - the legal
separation of blacks and
whites in public places
• Jim Crow Laws - laws that
forced segregation
Reconstruction Comes to an End
• Southern democrats take back over and seek
redemption
• Political violence continued in the South and
AA were denied civil and political rights
– Former confederate leaders are reelected to
Congress.
• Reconstruction ended without much progress
but the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
remained leading to civil rights in the future.
On a separate sheet of paper
• What were two positive and two negatives of
Reconstruction?
Next class…
• You will have your first major exam:
• Thinking Historically
• Civil War
• Reconstruction