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Management of MPLS-based VPNs 2003. 10. 1. Youngtak Kim Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANTL) Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Korea ([email protected]) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 1 Outline This tutorial goes through … Framework of MPLS-based VPNs: L3VPN, L2VPN, VPLS Traffic Engineering based on DiffServ-aware-(G)MPLS Management Framework of MPLS Network, MPLS MIBs MPLS OAM for the Management of MPLS-based VPNs Commercial MPLS-VPN Management Systems: Cisco VPN Solution, SheerBOS, Wandl’s IP/MPLSview Experiences in the design and implementation of a Management System for DiffServ-aware-MPLS (DoumiMan) Conclusions and Discussions APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 2 Framework of MPLS-based VPNs APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 3 VPN (Virtual Private Network) What is VPN (Virtual Private Network) ? Definition of VPN in RFC 2764 (A Framework for IP Based Virtual Private Networks) : “VPN is an Emulation of a private wide area network (WAN) facility using IP facilities (including the public Internet or private IP backbones).” CPE-based VPN Network-based VPN General Requirements of VPNs Opaque packet transport Data Security Quality of Service Guarantees Tunneling Mechanism APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 4 VPN Types Types of IP based Virtual Private Networks (RFC 2764) Virtual Leased Lines (VLL) Virtual Private Dial Network (VPDN) Virtual Private Routed Network (VPRN) Virtual Private LAN Segment (VPLS) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 5 VPN Types (1): VLL Virtual Leased Lines (VLL) Point-to-point link provided to a customer, connecting two CPE devices the link layer type used to connect the CPE devices to the ISP nodes can be any link layer type: e.g. ATM VCC, Frame Relay circuit ISP tunnel between two edge ISP nodes IP backbone network CPE ATM VCC ISP edge node IP Tunnel APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. ISP edge node ATM VCC CPE 6 VPN Types (2): VPDN Virtual Private Dial Network (VPDN) allows a remote user to connect on demand through an ad hoc tunnel into another site; the user is connected to a public IP network via a dial-up PSTN or ISDN Layer 2 Tunneling Protocols (L2TP) PPP session on the dial-up connection and L2TP tunnel Host dialup connection LAC NAS (Network LNS IP Backbone Network Gateway Corp. Network L2TP Tunnel PPP Session APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 7 VPN Types (3): VPRN Virtual Private Routed Networks (VPRN) Emulation of a multi-site wide area routed network using IP facilities CPE-based VPRN or network-based VPRN packet forwarding is carried out at the network layer a mesh of IP tunnels between ISP routers with VPN-specific routing/forwarding tables CPE Stub Link ISP edge node ISP edge node IP Tunnel Stub Link CPE IP backbone network ISP edge node Stub Link CPE Stub Link CPE APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 8 VPN Types (4): VPLS Virtual Private LAN Segment (VPLS) (1) Emulation of LAN segment over IP using Internet facilities, with a Transparent LAN Service (TLS) A case of L2VPN service distinguished by the support of L2 broadcast Can be used to interconnect multiple stub CPE nodes, either bridges or routers, in a protocol transparent manner Essentially equivalent to a VPRN, except that each VPLS edge node implements link layer bridging rather than network layer forwarding CPE routers would peer transparently across a VPLS with each other without requiring any router peering with any nodes within the VPLS VPLS topology can be point-to-point point-to-multipoint (hub and spoke) any-to-any (full mesh) mixed (partial mesh) hierarchical APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 9 Virtual Private LAN Segment (VPLS) (2) Stub Link CPE VPLS A CPE Logical Bridge Stub Link ISP edge node ISP edge node IP Tunnel IP backbone network (Service Provider backbone) CPE VPLS A Access Network VPLS B CPE VPLS B ISP edge node Stub Link VPLS B CPE Stub Link CPE VPLS B APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 10 MPLS-based VPNs (1): BGP/MPLS IP VPNs Multiple VRFs (VPN Routing and Forwarding tables) in PEs PE-CE attachment circuit is associated with exactly one VRF Carrier’s Carriers case a VPN provided by an SP which is offering VPN services to its customers CE routers should support MPLS PE routers should distribute , to the CE routers, labels for the routes they distribute to the CE routers Routers at the different sites should establish BGP connections among themselves for the purpose of exchanging external routes Multi-AS backbone two sites of a VPN are connected to different Autonomous Systems IBGP is used to distribute routing information within an AS EBGP re-distribute routing information among (labeled VPN-IPv4 routes) from AN to neighboring AS Multi-hop EBGP redistribution of labeled VPN-IPv4 routes between source and destination ASs. VRF-to-VRF connections at the AS border routers APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 11 MPLS-based VPNs (2): L3PPVPN (Provider Provisioned VPN) /MPLS Provider Edge (PE) (in PE-based VPN) or Customer Edge (CE) (in CE-based VPN) determine how to route VPN traffic by looking at the IP and/or MPLS headers of the packets they receive from the customer’s edge devices MPLS LSP is used as the tunnel among PE-PE (in PE-based VPN), or CE-CE (in CEbased VPN) PE device VPN tunnel PE device Tunnel (MPLS LSP) VPN tunnel PE device CE device PE device SP Network A CE device dual homing dual homing VPN tunnel PE device SP Network B Backdoor link VPN tunnel Tunnel PE (MPLS LSP) PE device device PE device CE device SP Network C APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 12 MPLS-based VPNs (3): L2PPVPN (Provider Provisioned VPN) /MPLS Provides pseudo wire or emulated LAN service on provider network Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS): each CE device is presented with a set of Point-to-Point virtual circuit Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS): each CE device has one or more LAN interfaces that lead to a “virtual backbone” to make multipoint-to-multipoint VPN (LAN emulation service) CE 1 L2 VPN A CE 2 Logical Switching Instance (provides Pseudo wire or emulated LAN) PE device L2 VPN A Service Provider Backbone PE device CE 4 L2 VPN B PE device Access Network CE 5 L2 VPN B CE 3 L2 VPN A APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 13 L2PPVPN Provisioning Models Overlay Model Service Provider Network Customer Site A CE (Hub) PE PE Customer CE Site D (Spoke) Customer Site B CE (Hub) PE PE Customer CE Site E (Spoke) Peer-to-peer Model Routing information is exchanged between customer and service provider routers Customer Site A CE Customer Site B CE Customer CE Site C (Spoke) Service Provider Network PE Customer CE Site C PE Customer CE Site D PE Service provider routers exchange customer routes through the core network PE Routing information is exchanged between customer and service provider routers Customer CE Site E APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 14 Traffic Engineerings based on DiffServ-aware-(G)MPLS Network APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 15 NGI with IP, MPLS and WDM Optical Network IP Layer network IP Router IP Router IP Router IP Router MPLS, MSPP Layer network GbE SW GMPLS/DWDM-OXC layer Network TDM SONET/SDH (Circuit Switched Service) GbE VPN LSP GbE SW GbE SW Multimedia/ Video Archives Multimedia/ Video Storage Access Network Archives MPLS, MSPP/MSPP (SAN) GMPLS OXC-LSR APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 16 Objectives of Traffic Engineering in NGI (1) Guaranteed Bandwidth & QoS Bandwidth: Committed Data rate (CDR)/ Committed Burst Size (CBS), Excess Burst Size (EBS) Peak Date Rate (PDR)/ Peak Burst Size (PBS) End-to-end Packet Transfer Delay: Propagation delay + Queuing delay Limited Jitter (delay variation) Limited End-to-end Packet loss Differentiated Service provisioning with Different priority/weight Premium service, controlled service Best effort service Hierarchical traffic engineering with TE-Tunnels (LSPs) for extremely broadband networking with WDM optical lambda/fiber switching Maximized utilization of available bandwidth & resources APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 17 Objectives of Traffic Engineering in NGI (2) Two major objectives may be conflicting Guaranteed Bandwidth & QoS Maximized resource utilization in order to guarantee strictly bandwidth and QoS, strict bandwidth & resource reservation is required if bandwidth & resource are strictly reserved and not used, underutilization problem occurs => general phenomenon in current telephone network Solution to get both objectives ? controlled bandwidth borrowing among service class-types within a TE-LSP controlled redistribution of extra-available bandwidth among TE-LSP APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 18 MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) IP payload IP header (destAddr=B, srcAddr=A) Ingress Node label i i LSR 10 IP datagram LSR 30 LER 31 LER 11 label j source (IP address A) destination (IP address B) j LER 12 LER 41 LSR 20 k LSR 40 m label k LER 21 IP datagram LER 42 label m Egress Node MPLS Domain Network APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 19 MPLS Label 32-bit (4-bytes) 20 Shim Header Label 3 1 Exp S 8 TTL Label: Label Value, 20 bits (0-16 reserved) Exp.: Experimental, 3 bits (was Class of Service) S: Bottom of Stack, 1 bit (1 = last entry in label stack) TTL: Time to Live, 8 bits Layer 2 Header (eg. ATM VC/VP, label stack n PPP, (s=1) 802.3 MAC) ••• label stack 1 IP Header (s=0) IP Payload MPLS ‘Shim’ Headers (Label Stacking) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 20 Traffic grouping with Label Stacking LSP level (k) LSP level (k-1) Packet Flow P1 P2 LSP 111 LSP level (k+1) LSP level (k) LSP level (k-1) LSP 111 LSP 110 LSP 110 Packet Flow P1 P2 LSP 100 LSP 121 LSP 111 ingress (push a label) R1 LSP 120 LSP 110 ingress (push a label) R2 LSP 120 LSP 100 LSP 100 ingress egress (push a label) (pop a label) swapping Ri Ri+1 APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. LSP 121 LSP 110 egress (pop a label) LSP 111 egress (pop a label) Rn-1 Rn 21 GMPLS-based Optical Transport Networking Internet control & management protocols (RIP, OSPF, BGP, DVMRP, MOSPF) Traffic engineering with fault management & performance management for Internet Transit Network Application GMPLS-Signaling + OAM/LMP GMPLS-Signaling for optical network TCP/UDP IP IP IP LSP MPLS NIC O-NIC NIC (WDM) Host A IP Router Metro-GbE Net GbE SW MainFrame PSTN HDN SDH/ SONET MPLS O-NIC O-NIC (WDM) (WDM) PSC-LSR (Edge) GMPLS LCAS Signaling O-NIC (WDM) OXC OXC O-NIC (WDM) O-NIC (WDM) OXC-LSR (Core) fiber bundle PSC-LSR (Optional Core) OXC-LSR (Core) GFP-F O-NIC GFP-T (WDM) MSPP APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 22 QoS-guaranteed Service Provisioning in NGN QoS-guaranteed VPN/VPLS Service QoS-guaranteed Broadband Multimedia Service QoS-guaranteed Broadband Content Distribution Network / Storage Access Network Customer Premises Network A CE (IP Router) Narrowband Multimedia/ PSTN Narrowband Multimedia/ Cellular/ Mobile Broadband Content Distribution Network (CDN/SAN) Customer Premises CE Network B (IP Router) GMPLS Core Network PE (VPLS-aware MPLS LER) TGW Edge Node (DiffServ-aware MPLS LER) AGW Edge Node (DiffServ-aware MPLS LER) MPLS LSR OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM MPLS LSR MPLS LSR OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM MPLS LSR MPLS LSR OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM MPLS LSR GMPLS/Broadband Transport Network (All Optical, O-O-O) (DiffServ-aware-GMPLS) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. PE (VPLS-aware MPLS LER) Edge Node (DiffServ-aware MPLS LER) Edge Node (DiffServ-aware MPLS LER) TGW AGW Narrowband Multimedia / PSTN Narrowband Multimedia / Cellular/ Mobile Broadband Content Distribution Network (CDN/SAN) 23 Control Plane and Management Plane of QoS-guaranteed NGN/(G)MPLS Management Plane Resource Manager & GMPLS OAM/NMS Inter-AS QoS Negotiation BGP-TE Resource Manager & GMPLS OAM/NMS Resource Manager & GMPLS OAM/NMS Inter-AS QoS Negotiation/ BGP-TE Control Plane QoS/call Admission End-user Request control & application Resource Connection platform Allocation Control agent QoS Request & Admission Resource End-user control & Allocation Connection Notification application Control platform agent QoS Request (GMPLS Signaling) Resource Allocation (GMPLS Signaling) Customer Premises Network (CPN) A CE Customer Premises Network (CPN) B UNI PSTN, SAN/CDN Broadband Access Network Wireless/ Mobile Wireless Access Network Access Network QoS EN EN UNI NNI NNI EN EN EN EN Autonomous Autonomous Autonomous System (AS) 2 System (AS) 1 System (AS) 3 QoS-guaranteed NGN Backbone Network DiffServ-aware-GMPLS/OXC 광전달망 NGN Backbone Network Performance/QoS CE Broadband Access Network PSTN, SAN/CDN Wireless Access Network Wireless/ Mobile Access Network QoS End-to-End QoS APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 24 MPLS Traffic Engineering Fast packet switching Fast packet switching by using fixed short label, instead of long address matching in IP packet routing based on existing fast data link layer switching technologies (e.g. ATM, FR) Traffic engineering with Connection-oriented LSP (Label Switched Path) more predictable network control and management Constraint-based Routing; Constraint-based Shortest Path First (CSPF) Forwarding Equivalent Class (FEC) source/destination IP address range : min, max source/destination port range : min, max Type of Service (ToS) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 25 Service Level Agreement (SLA) Service Level Agreement (SLA) A contract between a service provider and a customer Specifies, usually in measurable terms, what QoS the service provider will provide Traffic Parameters: Committed Data Rate (CDR)/CBS+EBS QoS Parameters: Delay, Jitter, Packet Loss Rate Service Availability: Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)/Mean Time to Restoration of Service (MTRS) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 26 Constraint-based Routing in MPLS Traffic parameters of the constraint-based routing for LSP bandwidth of LSP : peak data rate, committed data rate Modification of Link State Database for constraint-based routing traffic parameter available bandwidth at each link : number of lambda channels, bandwidth of each lambda channels Additional QoS parameter propagation delay Combined cost metric Modification of OSPF shortest path routing constraint-based routing with traffic parameters: bandwidth, QoS, resource class, class of failure protection SRLG (Shared Risk Link Group) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 27 Example of Constraint-based Routing Seattle 1 1144 20M Rapid city 828000 10M 820 5M 657 Salt Lake City 10M San Francisco 2 4 745 10M 521000 50M 3 Los Angels 389 50M Denver 6 688 10M 380 5M 5 816 10M 381 10M 7 Phoenix Physically shortest path. But can not provide the requested 7 Mbps bandwidth !! 1067 50M 611 10M Boston Minneapolis 8 20 Detroit 834 10M 409 211 5M 10M Chicago 15 640 19 920 14 286 5M New York 297 50M 10M 534 10M 237 5M 10M 18 861000 St. Louis 845 Washington 50M 10M 13 D.C. 285000 632 780 10M 10M 100M 394 Memphis 12 5M 17 Atlanta Dallas 454 393000 9 100M 10M 473 246 661 10M 5M 10M 352 10 11 10M 861000 Houston New Orleans 10M 16 APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. Miami 28 Example of SRLG-disjoint Backup Path Routing Seattle Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) – disjoint backup path with 1 1144 20M 820 5M Rapid city 828000 10M 657 Salt Lake City 10M San Francisco 2 380 5M 3 Los Angels 4 745 10M 521000 50M 5 389 50M Denver 6 688 10M 816 10M 381 10M 7 Phoenix 1067 50M Constraint-routed shortest path that can provide 7 Mbps bandwidth !! 611 10M Boston Minneapolis 8 20 Detroit 834 10M 409 211 5M 10M Chicago 15 640 19 920 286 14 5M New York 297 50M 10M 534 237 5M 10M 10M 18 861000 St. Louis 845 Washington 50M 10M 13 D.C. 285000 632 780 10M 10M 100M 394 Memphis 12 5M 17 Atlanta Dallas 454 393000 9 100M 10M 473 246 661 10M 5M 10M 352 10 11 10M 861000 Houston New Orleans 10M 16 Miami APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 29 Factors on End-to-End Transfer delay, Jitter Queuing delay in M/D/1 queue tw 2(1 ) s 2(1 ) B R : link utilization Mean time in Queue (2 ) B tq t w s 1 s 2(1 ) R 2(1 ) Packet loss and buffer size calculated by heavy traffic approximation: 1 Pr{Systemsize x} Q( x) exp 2 x APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 30 Bandwidth Borrowing among LSPs within an TE-LSP Borrowing/re-allocation of available/unused bandwidth TE-LSP Excess available bandwidth needs more bandwidth LSP i (weight = x) LSP j (weight = y) under utilization under utilization LSP k (weight = z) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 31 Re-distribution of Extra Available Bandwidth among Tunnel (TE)-LSP availableBW _ LSPi wi extraAvailableBW wk k availableBW _ LSPij wi j w availableBW _ LSPi im m Available Excess Bandwidth extraAvailableBW LSPi1(wi1) LSPi (wi) LSPi2(wi2) LSPj1(wj1) PHY LINK LSPj (wj) LSPj2(wj2) (a) Controlled Bandwidth Redistribution/Borrowing User LSP Inner Tunnel LSP Outer Tunnel LSP (b) Hierarchical/Recursive Redistribution of Available Bandwidth APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 32 Differentiated Service (DiffServ) DiffServ Packet Processing Model Smoothing (averaging) Metering, Action, Algorithmic Dropping IP Packet flow input Packet Classifier Buffer depth NCT (Network Control Traffic) Packet Scheduling Traffic Shaping Expedited Forwarding (EF) Assured Forwarding (AF) Best Effort Forwarding (BEF) Packet Discarding (algorithmic dropping) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. Packet Transmission with Link Speed X (LSP : PDR/PBS, CDR/CBS+EBS) 33 Example of DiffServ Class-type and Performance Objectives Jitter packet Loss Ratio Bandwidth definition DSCP 100 msec U 10-3 Peak rate 111 000 / 110 000 VoIP 100 msec 50 msec 10-3 Peak rate 101 110 Jitter sensitive, real-time high interaction Video conference 400 msec 50 msec 10-3 Committed rate 100 000 AF3 Transaction data, interactive Terminal session Custom app 400 msec U 10-3 Committed rate 011 000 AF2 Transaction data Data base Web 400 msec U 10-3 Committed rate 010 000 AF1 Low loss bulk data FTP E-mail 1 sec U 10-3 Committed rate 001 000 BE Best effort Best effort service U U 10-3 U 000 000 Classtype Objective Example Delay NCT1/ NCT0 Minimized error, high priority RIP, OSPF, BGP-4 EF Jitter sensitive, real-time high interaction AF4 (Note : a) U : undefined, b) Drop precedence of AF4~AF1 : 010, 100, 110) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 34 Per Hop Behavior (PHB) Per-Hop Behavior (PHB) The externally observable forwarding behavior applied at a DS-compliant node to a DS behavior aggregate The means by which a node allocates resources to behavior aggregates Defines hop-by-hop resource allocation mechanism Example of PHB Guarantee minimal bandwidth allocation ( x % of a link or tunnel) Guarantee minimal bandwidth allocation (x % of a link or tunnel) with proportional fair sharing of any excess link capacity Buffer allocation Priority relative to other PHBs PHBs are specified as a group (PHB group) for consistency PHBs are implemented in nodes by means of some buffer management and packet scheduling mechanisms APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 35 Metering & Marking Parameters for Metering & Marking Parameters Single Rate Three Color Marker (SRTCM) CDR/CBS+E BS Two Rate Three Color Marker (TRTCM) PDR/PBS CIDR/CBS Red Yellow Green TE(t)-B < 0 TP(t)-B 0 and TE(t)-B 0 TC(t) –B 0 TP(t)-B < 0 TP(t)-B 0 and TC(t) –B < 0 TC(t) –B 0 (Note: B: arrived packet size, TE(t): token count of excess rate token bucket, TC(t): token count of committed rate token bucket, TP(t): token count of peak rate token bucket) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 36 Integrated Traffic Engineering for DiffServ-aware-MPLS Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) Provisioning Traffic parameters Peak Rate Average rate, Sustainable rate with burst tolerance Minimum rate Frame rate with max. frame size QoS Parameters End-to-end transfer Delay Delay variance (Jitter) tolerance Bit/Packet/Frame error rate Maximized bandwidth & resource utilization Bandwidth over-booking Bandwidth sharing, borrowing APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 37 Per Class-Type Queuing (1): RED (Random Early Detection) Queue Buffer level TH min TH max 0 Discard Probabilistic packet drop Discard with increasing probability Pa Do not discard Drop Probability 1 Pmax Pmin THmin APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. THmax Average Queue Length 38 Per Class-Type Queuing (2): WRED (Weighted Random Early Detection) Queue Drop Probability 1 (Note: THmin(i) = (1/2 + i/8)*THmax Pmax (0..7) Average Queue Length THmin(0) THmin(7) THmax(0…7) (a) Default WRED Drop Probability Configuration Drop Probability Drop Probability 1 1 Pmax(0) Pmax(0) Pmax(7) Average Queue Length THmin(0) THmin(7) THmax(0…7) Average Queue Length Pmax(7) THmin(0) THmax(0) (b) WRED case 1 APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. THmin(7) THmax(7) (c) WRED case 2 39 DiffServ Packet Scheduler Hierarchical Packet Scheduler priority NCT1 priority NCT0 EF Min rate AF4 Min rate AF3 Min rate AF2 Min rate Rate-based scheduler (WRR or WFQ) priority Priority Scheduler Traffic Shaper priority shaping rate (PDR/PBS, CDR/CBS+EBS) AF1 priority BF APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 40 DiffServ-aware-MPLS Traffic Engineering Packet Dropping packet (algorithmic drop according scheduling to averaged buffer depth) traffic shaping NCT1 Single Rate Three Color Marker (CIR/CBS+EBS) drop ? NCT0 Single Rate Three Color Marker (CIR/CBS+EBS) drop ? EF Single Rate Three Color Marker (CIR/CBS+EBS) drop ? AF 4 AF 3 Two Rate Three Color Marker (PIR/PBS, CIR/CBS+EBS) Two Rate Three Color Marker (PIR/PBS, CIR/CBS+EBS) user B drop ? AF 2 Two Rate Three Color Marker (PIR/PBS, CIR/CBS+EBS) drop ? AF 1 Two Rate Three Color Marker (PIR/PBS, CIR/CBS+EBS) drop ? drop ? BF User C drop ? rt/nrt-VBR traffic CBR realtime traffic VPN control message rt/nrt-VBR traffic CBR realtime traffic VPN control message Priority-based packet scheduler Per-Class-type Metering/Marking Rate-based packet scheduler IP Packet Stream Packet Classifier User(UserGroup) A Multi-field Packet Classification Policy-based MPLS Traffic Trunk (TE-LSP) Management, Load Balancing CR-LSP (Traffic Parameters : - Peak Data Rate(PDR) - Peak Burst Size (PBS) - Committed Data Rate (CDR) - Committed Burst Size (CBS) - Excess Burst Size (EBS) - Weight - Resource Class / Color =“gold”) Maximum Capacity/ Aggregate BW Allocated BW Un-reserved BW BE (default) AF1, 2, 3, 4 EF (or AF1) NCT 0/1 CR-LSP (Traffic Parameters, Resource class = “silver”) BE (default) AF1, 2, 3, 4 EF (or AF1) NCT 0/1 CR-LSP (Traffic Parameters, Resource class = “bronze”) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. TE-LSP 41 Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping Per-class committed rate Aggregated committed rate Token bucket Token bucket Incoming packets Outgoing packets WFQ/FIFO Configured rate Classify Measure Packet Scheduler Metering/Marking No match Queuing method APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 42 Management Framework of MPLS Network APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 43 DiffServ-aware-MPLS Traffic Engineering for QoSguaranteed Service Provisioning QoS-guaranteed Realtime Multimedia Service Request/ Subscription Service Level Agreement (SLA) - QoS parameter - Traffic Parameter (QoS/SLA Standards) Long-term optimization Network Planning & Provisioning Mid-term optimization (Re-) configuration of logical topology, Network load balancing GMPLS/OXC TE-LSP (traffic trunk) Real-time per-flow optimization DiffServ-aware-G/MPLS Router parameter setting (Bandwidth allocation, Queuing, packet scheduling) Customer Premises Network (CPN) A Intra -net Collection & Analysis of Performance Measurement results O-UNI CE Customer Premises Network (CPN) B DiffServ-awareGMPLS/OXC Network PE (AS 1) O-NNI PE DiffServ-awareGMPLS/OXC Network PE (AS 2) PE O-UNI CE Intra -net QoS-guaranteed GMPLS/OXC Backbone Network Access Net QoS Node & Link, DiffServ-aware-ELSP QoS performance monitoring Access Net QoS End-to-end QoS & performance measurement APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 44 ITU-T I.371 Traffic Management Framework User-Network Interface (UNI) CPN Optional Traffic Shaping Network A - CAC UPC - RM - PC - Others Inter-Network (NNI) Network B CPN UPC: Usage Parameter Control CAC: Connection Admission Control PC: Priority Control - CAC - RM - PC - Others NPC NPC: Network Parameter Control RM: Resource Management Others: Spacing, Framing, Shaping, etc APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 45 Network Performance related Standards (1) I.356 ATM Bearer Service QoS Standard CTD 2-pt.CDV Class 1 (stringent class) 400msec Class 2 (tolerant class) CLR0+1 CLR0 CER 3msec none default U U none default Class 3 (stringent class) U U U default Class 4 (stringent class) 400msec 6msec none default U Class U U U APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. U U 46 Network Performance related Standards (2) ITU-T Y.1540/1541 IP QoS Standards Network Performance Parameter QoS Class Service Class Class 0 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 un-specified Packet Transfer Delay 100ms 400ms 100ms 400ms 1s U Packet Delay Variance 50ms 50ms U U U U Packet Loss Rate 1×10-3 Packet Error Rate 1 × 10-3 1 × 10-3 1 × 10-3 1 × 10-3 1 × 10-4 APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. U U 47 Network Management System(NMS) for NGN Configuration management Connection management Fault management Performance management SML-ConfM SSM SML-FM SML-PM SML CSM LNTC NML-PM NML-Monitoring NML-FM CC NML-FC NML LNC NML-TC NML-AM NML-TDS NML-Tuning NML-CP EML-TC EML NML-Analysis & Control EML-CP EML-FM EML-AM EML-FC EML-TDS EML-PM Management Interface: CLI, CORBA, XML, SNMP, TMN/CMIP CPN A (IP Router) CE VPN A (GbE) CE CPN A (SONET/SDH, Highspeed Leased Line, SDH GbE) SAN A (Fiber Channel, ESCON, SDH FICON, DVI) DiffServ-aware MPLS LER PE (VPLS-aware MPLS LER) NG-SDH/SONET (GFP, Virtual Concatenation) GMPLS Core Network OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM NG-SDH/SONET (GFP-T) DiffServ-aware MPLS LER PE (VPLS-aware MPLS LER) CE CE CPN B (IP Router) VPN B (GbE) CPN B NG-SDH/SONET (GFP, Virtual Concatenation) (SONET/SDH, SDHHighspeed Leased Line, GbE) NG-SDH/SONET (GFP, Virtual Concatenation) SDH Video/Multimedia Database Archive Provider Network (NG-SDH/SONET Network) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 48 QoS-guaranteed NGN Networking Model IIOP/ QoS-guaranteed CORBA IP networking System (CPN) SNMP/CLI Customer Premises Network A CE (IP Router) Narrowband Multimedia/ PSTN Narrowband Multimedia/ Cellular/ Mobile 광대역 멀티미디어 분배망 서비스 (CDN/SAN) QoS-guaranteed IP networking System (ISP) IIOP/ QoS-guaranteed IIOP/ IIOP/ QoS-guaranteed QoS-guaranteed CORBA IP networking CORBA CORBA IP networking IP networking System System System (ISP) (ISP) (CPN) SNMP/ CLI SNMP/ CLI SNMP/ CLI Customer Premises CE Network B (IP Router) GMPLS Core Network Provider Edge (VPLS-aware MPLS LER) TGW Edge Node (DiffServ-aware MPLS LER) AGW Edge Node (DiffServ-aware MPLS LER) AS 1 SNMP/ CLI AS 2 MPLS LSR OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM MPLS LSR MPLS LSR OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM MPLS LSR MPLS LSR OXC/ OADM OXC/ OADM MPLS LSR GMPLS/광전달망(All Optical, O-O-O) (DiffServ-aware-GMPLS) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. Provider Edge (VPLS-aware MPLS LER) Edge Node (DiffServ-aware MPLS LER) Edge Node (DiffServ-aware MPLS LER) TGW AGW Narrowband Multimedia / PSTN Narrowband Multimedia / Cellular/ Mobile 광대역 멀티미디어 분배망 서비스 (CDN/SAN) 49 Distributed Traffic & Network Management System for multiple Autonomous Systems (AS) NMS CPN A EMS EMS EMS DiffServ -aware MPLS LER Constraint-based Shortest Path First (CSPF) Routing MPLS Transit LSR Autonomous System 1 MPLS Transit LSR Autonomous System 2 MPLS Transit LSR Constraint-based Shortest Path First (CSPF) Routing DiffServ -aware MPLS LER CPN B Autonomous System 2 DiffServ-aware MPLS Network APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 50 Interactions among MPLS Management Modules NMS Configuration Mgmt Connection Mgmt Performance Mgmt Fault Mgmt Performance Mgmt Fault Mgmt IIOP EMS Configuration Mgmt Connection Mgmt IIOP Generic Adapter Service Service Object Object Generic Adapter NE interface CLI interface SNMP interface TELNET RMA interface SNMP Socket DNS RMA Customer Premise Network CPN(Intranet) MPLS Transit Network (AS 2) Customer Premise Network CPN(Intranet) MPLS Transit Network (AS 1) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 51 Management Interfaces (EMS-Agent, EMS-NMS) Command Line Interface (CLI) proprietary CLI definition by each vendor most detailed operations and management information CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture)/OMG distributed object computing infrastructure Manager-to-manager connection XML (eXtensible Markup Language) XML-RPC SOAP SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) SNMP MIBs for MPLS-based VPN/VPLS Delayed update compared with data access by CLI (Command Line Interface) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 52 Standards of MPLS Network Managements (1) 1) MPLS Management Overview: - Related document: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Management Overview, draft-ietf-mplsmgmt-overview-08.txt, August 2003. - Overview of MPLS Network Management and Related MIB - MPLS MIB의 OID (Object Identifier) tree structure: APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 53 Standards of MPLS Network Managements (2) 2) TC-MIB - Related document: Definitions of Textual Conventions for Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Management, draft-ietf-mpls-tc-mib-05.txt, Nov. 2002. - Describes textual conventions for use in definitions of management information for MPLS networks 3) LSR-MIB - Related document : Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switching Router (LSR) Management Information Bases, draft-ietf-mpls-lsr-mib-09.txt, Oct. 2002. - Describes MOs for modeling MPLS LSR (Label Switch Router) LSR - interface configuration table (mplsInterfaceConfTable) - in-segment (mplsInSegmentTable), out-segment (mplsOutSegmentTable) tables - cross-connect table (mplsXCTable) - label stack table (mplsLabelStackTable) - traffic parameter table (mplsTrafficParamTable): index, MaxRate, MinRate, MaxBurstSize APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 54 Standards of MPLS Network Managements (3) 4) TE-MIB - Related document : Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering Management Information Base, draft-ietf-mpls-te-mib-09.txt, Nov. 2002. - ping (ICMP echo request) based hop-by-hop fault localization and path tracing - in ping mode (basic connectivity check), ping packet is sent through user packet delivery LSP, the egress LSR delivers the ping packet to control plane - in traceroute mode (fault isolation), ping packet is sent to the control plane of each transit LSR node, which performs various checks and returns further information that helps check the control plane against the data plane 5) LDP-MIB - Related document : Definitions of Managed Objects for the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-mib-09.txt, Oct. 2002. - Defines 4 MIBs for Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) establishment and monitoring : MPLS-LDP-MIB, MPLS-LDP-Generic-MIB, MPLS-LDP-ATM-MIB, MPLS-LDPFrame-Relay-MIB APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 55 Standards of MPLS Network Managements (4) 6) FTN-MIB - Related document : Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Forward Equivalency Class-to-Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry Management Information Base, draft-ietfmpls-ftn-mib-05.txt, Oct. 2002. - Defines MIBs of the mapping and related operations of MPLS FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class) and NHLFE (Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry) 7) Bundle MIB - Related document : Link Bundling Management Information Bases, draft-ietf-mplsbundle-mib-04.txt, Nov. 2002. - Defines MIBs for grouping TE Links into a bundled link 8) VPN-MIB - Related document : MPLS/BGP Virtual Private Network Management Information Base using SMIv2, draft-ietf-ppvpn-mpls-vpn-mib-05.txt, Nov. 2002. - Defines the MIB for MPLS/BGP VRF (VPN Routing and Forwarding) based VPN configuration APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 56 MPLS Network Configuration Management MPLS Configuration Management Installation support support the installation of equipment and related software installation operations, sequencing and scheduling the operation to achieve maximum efficiency and minimum interference with ongoing operations Provisioning a set of procedures that bring already installed equipment into service NE configuration Initialization of Network Topology resource and activations Network resource reservation and locking/unlocking for service provisioning Status and control Status request & report of network resource Network resource maintenance Network Resource Auto-discovery (optional) dynamic resource discovery automatic configuration & topology mapping real-time map generation APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 57 MIBs for Configuration Managements MPLS LSR MIB mplsInterfaceConfTable, PerfTable mplsInSegmentTable, PerfTable mplsOutSegmentTable mplsXCTable mplsLabelStackTable mplsTrafficParamTable MPLS TE MIB mplsTunnelTable, ResourceTable, HopTable, ARHopTable, CHopTable mplsTunnelPerfTable, CRLSPResTable MPLS TE-Link MIB teLinkTable, DescriptorTable,SrlgTable, BandwidthTable componentLinkTable, DescriptorTable,SrlgTable, BandwidthTable MPLS LDP MIB MPLS LDP Generic MIB MPLS LDP ATM MIB, FrameRelay MIB APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 58 Example of MPLS Network Configuration MOs (1) Managed Objects Node Attributes Example Router Name 7204_G Router Version Cisco 7200 IOS version (Cisco Router) 12.2(8)T Routing Protocol OSPF, BGP MPLS Signaling protocol Fast Ethernet Port Serial Port Total number of activated slots/ports 1 Fast Ethernet 4 Serial network interface 1 Packet_over_Sonet (POS) network interface address 165.229.167.201 status Port Up, line protocol up QoS class map EF, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4 QoS status Drop ratio 0 bps, packets marked address 10.0.70.2 Status Operational-yes QoS class map Class-default QoS queue Weighted fair queuing QoS bandwidth 620 [kbps] Serial port name Serial 1/1 (connected with xxx) Loopback address 10.0.0.7 APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 59 Example of MPLS Network Configuration MOs (2) Managed Objects PoS port (Packet over SONET) Neighbors Attributes Example address 10.10.2.2 Status Shutdown QoS class map Class-default QoS queue Weighted fair queue QoS bandwidth 55000[kbps] Serial port name Pos4/0 Loopback address 10.0.0.6 Neighbor equipment Router, bridge_switch Neighbor router name 3620_B Neighbor router serial port name / address Serial 0/0 (3620_B port) / 10.0.30.1 Neighbor loopback address (TDP id) 10.0.0.2 (3620_B의 loopback address) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 60 MPLS Connection Managements MPLS Tunnel LSP (TE-LSP) Connection Managements MPLS Tunnel LSP Establishments and Maintenance Constraint-based Shortest Path First (CSPF) routing for Constraint-based LSP Setup Request MPLS LER/LSR to set up LSP: Automatic routing mode or explicit routing mode Set up LSP traffic parameter and QoS parameter Update of Traffic parameter and QoS parameter of MPLS Tunnel LSP Modification of traffic parameter and QoS parameter of tunnel LSP Establishment of backup LSP for MPLS Fault Management SRLG-disjoint backup path routing Establishment of working LSP for backup LSP: explicit routing mode APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 61 Connection Management for DiffServ-over/aware-MPLS on Optical Internet NMS Configuration Mgmt Connection Mgmt Performance Mgmt Fault Mgmt Performance Mgmt Fault Mgmt IIOP EMS Configuration Mgmt Connection Mgmt IIOP DiffServawareLER LSR OXC fiber link traffic trunk (tunnel LSP) fiber link OXC fiber link fiber link optical path (lambda channels) OXC OXC fiber link LSR DiffServawareLER fiber link LSR DiffServawareLER OXC fiber link DiffServawareLER fiber link fiber link DiffServawareLER fiber link OXC fiber link WDM Optical Domain Network MPLS Domain network APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. DiffServawareLER LSR DiffServawareLER DiffServawareLER 62 Example of MPLS LSP MOs (1) MO Attribute Example Tunnel name Tunnel_0104_1 Source address 10.0.0.2 Destination address 10.0.0.4 Next addresses (explicit route) 10.0.30.2, 10.0.40.1 Traffic param - priority Setup priority 1 Holding priority 1 Traffic param – bandwidth 9 [kbps] Traffic param – MTU 1514 bytes Traffic param - delay 500,000 usec (default) – modifiable Affinity 0x0 ~ 0xFFFFFFFF Auto-bandwidth (optional) Freq, Min [kbps], Max [kbps] LSP APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 63 Example of MPLS LSP MOs (2) MO Attribute Example LSR ID (Transmitter) Link/Port ID Interface address LSR and Port Link State Neighbor LSR ID (Receiver) Link type Fast Ethernet, Serial Port, POS Administration status Active Operational status Operational-yes Total capacity Link total capacity in [Mbps] Available bandwidth Available bandwidth in [Mbps] Reserved bandwidth Allocated bandwidth in [Mbps] Propagation & processing delay Propagation delay according to the physical distance, and packet processing delay including MPLS packet switching, port buffering at LSR Jitter Jitter at LSR with MPLS packet switching Residual bit error rate Bit error rate at Physical link SRLG_ID Shared risk link group ID Physical backup type Protection functions provided at Physical Layer APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 64 Parameters for Constraint-based LSP Establishment MO Traffic Parameter QoS Parameter Service Category Attribute Example Bandwidth Peak data rate(PDR)/Peak Burst Size (PBS) Committed Data Rate(CDR)/Committed Burst Size (CBS), Excess Burst Size (EBS) End-to-end delay End-to-end delay Jitter bound Allowable jitter boundary Packet loss ratio Allowable packet loss ratio Service class Platinum, gold, silver, bronze Priority Setup priority, holding priority Weight Weight for Weighted Fair Scheduler Backup_type 1+1, 1:1, M:N, 1:N, on-demand SRLG SRLG-disjoint backup LSP APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 65 MPLS Network Performance Management Performance monitoring of MPLS Tunnel LSP Measurement of Throughput at End-to-End LSP and Boundary of Autonomous System (AS) Measurement of delay, jitter at End-to-End LSP and Boundary of Autonomous System (AS) Measurement of packet loss at End-to-End LSP and Boundary of Autonomous System (AS) Performance analysis of MPLS Tunnel LSP Compare and analyze LSP’s SLA (service level agreement) performance parameters and the monitored results Determine any seriously deteriorated performance performance control & tuning of MPLS Tunnel LSP Update/Reallocation of operational Parameters (Bandwidth, Link Utilization) to maintain the performance of End-to-end LSP and LSP segments of Autonomous System (AS) : Adjustment of allocated bandwidth, Queue buffer size or scheduler parameter Rerouting of LSP route Overall Network Load Balancing MPLS VPN Performance Management Measurements of Aggregated Throughput, Packet Transfer Delay, Packet Loss Rate at MPLS VPN Interfaces (CE-PE, PE-PE) Measurements of Packet Mis-delivery Ratio among MPLS VPN APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 66 MPLS Network Fault Management (1) Establishment of Backup LSP for MPLS working tunnel LSP SRLG disjoint back LSP routing and LSP setup Allocation of Backup LSP resource for 1+1, 1:1, M:N, 1:N mode Fault Detection and Notification Fault detection ad notification at Physical Layer Link, port or Node Fault detection ad notification by MPLS signaling and packet forwarding module Notification of Seriously deteriorated MPLS LSP Performance Analysis and Localization of Faults Fault correlation and localization Find Root Cause of the Faults Find the location of root cause Determine the Affected tunnel LSP and VPN Fault Recovery Fault Recovery by Protection switching or restoration Protection Switching of User Traffic using Backup LSP Establish a new back LSP Redefine the function and the route of working LSP and backup LSP at Fault restoration APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 67 MPLS Fault Management (2) Differentiated Backup Path Reservations (Example) MPLS Service Class Bandwidth Reservation Setup Priority Preemption Priority Application Platinum 100%, 1+1 Highest Highest High Priority VPN Gold 100%, 1:1 Higher Higher VPN Silver 100%, M:N Normal Normal Premium service Bronze 100%, 1:N Lower Lower Controlled traffic Best effort 0 Lowest Lowest Best Effort Backup Path Utilization Reservation with NO Traffic Reservation with Lower Priority Traffic of possible preemption Fault Restoration Use Span(segment) Protection Restoration is based on the Subnetwork(Segment) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 68 Example of Seriously Deteriorated Performance Traffic / QoS parameter Available bandwidth End-to-end delay Jitter Packet loss Threshold of severe degradation Remarks Less than 80% of CDR (committed data rate) More than 120% of agreed end-to-end delay limit More than 200% of agreed jitter limit More than 10% of transmitted data APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 69 Fault Detection Functions of LSR Node Module MPLS Switching Module Port/Link Node failure Fault Type Fault Detection (Example) Faults in Switching Elements Faults in packet/ label processing MPLS signaling module (CR-LDP, RSVP)의 hello message Packet mis-delivery Loss of Light Fiber cut Lambda channel fault Network Interface Card (NIC) fault monitoring Power degradation Switching capability loss Malfunctioning components Excessive temperature MPLS signaling module hello message Degraded packet throughput, increased packet loss rate APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 70 MPLS Fault Recovery Objectives (Example) Function Fault Recovery Parameter Target Values Fault Detection at Physical Layer Fault Detection at LSP Fault Detection at LSR Physical Layer: 50 ns MPLS LSP: 150 ms MPLS LSR: 3 sec Fault Notification Fault notification to ingress LER / egress LER 50 ms Protection Switching to Backup LSP Protection Switching of user traffic from faulty working LSP to Backup LSP 50 ms Fault Detection Total Fault Restoration Time Total allowable time from fault occurrence to complete fault restoration APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 250 ms 71 Standards related to MPLS Fault Management IETF Draft MPLS-based fast reroute IETF Draft MPLS recovery framework IETF Draft MPLS RSVP-LSP Fast reroute MPLS OAM Requirements RFC 2925, Remote Ping, Trace Route, Lookup RFC 3479, Fault Tolerance for the LSP APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 72 MPLS OAM for the Management of MPLS-based VPNs APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 73 MPLS OAM OAM (Operation, Administration, Maintenance) Layer Management Protocol for Network Layer, Data Link Layer, Physical Layer: e.g. ATM VP/VC Layer OAM, Physical Layer OAM, SONET OAM Fault OAM for fault monitoring, fault notification alarm indication signal remote defect indication (RDI) continuity check (CC) loopback test Performance OAM for performance monitoring, performance analysis Forward monitoring Backward monitoring Configuration OAM for administrative configuration of links, operational status monitoring link configuration and status management neighbor discovery e.g Layer Management Protocol (LMP) of WDM Optical Link APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 74 Related Works on MPLS OAM Current Standardization Status of MPLS OAM General framework Major considerations No detailed implementation methods IETF Internet Draft, “A Framework for MPLS User Plane OAM,” David Allen (ed.), February 2003. Implications for fault management: connectivity verification, etc. Implications for performance management: line quality monitoring, etc. IETF Internet Draft, “OAM Requirements for MPLS Networks,” Thomas Nadeau et. al., February 2003. service level agreement (SLA) measurement: availability, latency, packet loss, jitter alarm suppression and layer coordination support for OAM interworking for fault notification error detection and recovery IETF Internet Draft, “Detecting Data Plane Liveness in RSVP-TE”, Oct. 2001. LSP Ping APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 75 Requirements of MPLS OAM Functions Basic Requirements of MPLS OAM functions Fault management OAM should be able to provide fault detection, ondemand verification, fault localization, notification of LSP failure information Performance management OAM should be able to provide performance monitoring to check the provisioning of traffic throughput & QoS (end-toend delay, jitter, packet loss rate) that is defined in service level agreement Interactions of MPLS signaling and User-plane OAM User plane OAM: based on in-band OAM packets to monitor real status of user plane connections MPLS signaling: out-of-band signaling, separated connections from the user plane connections APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 76 Design of MPLS Performance Management OAM Functions Performance Monitoring OAM of User Plane Data Path Throughput total delivered data size / unit time interval Delay d(n) = Tarrival(n) – Tdeparture(n) Jitter (variance of transfer delay) j(n) = |d(n) – d(n-1)| Packet loss rate (total transmitted packets – total delivered packets) / total transmitted packets Severely degraded performance e.g. excessive delay at realtime interactive communication, excessive packet loss, excessive jitter should be handled in the same manner of fault APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 77 Proposed Format of Performance Monitoring OAM Packet 1 2 3 0 01234567890123456789012345678901 OAM Type OAM Function PDU Length Ingress LSR Identifier Egress LSR Identifier LSP Identifier Sequence Number Time Stamp Number of Total Transmitted Packets Total Transmitted Data Size [Byte] Optional Information (LSR: Label Switched Router; LSP: Label Switched Path) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 78 Design of MPLS Fault Management OAM Functions Fault Detection by fault management OAM packet: continuity check by lower protocol layer: e.g. loss of light (LOL), loss of signal (LOS) Fault Notification by MPLS OAM packet Forward Defect Indication (FDI) Backward Defect Indication (BDI) Egress LER(Label Edge Router) -to-Ingress LER notification Fault Notification by MPLS Signaling RSVP-TE notify message CR-LDP notification message Fault notification by intermediate LSR that detected link fault by network interface card (NIC); Note) in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) network, it is very hard to insert OAM packets by intermediate node APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 79 Scenario of Fault Notification by MPLS signaling TCP/UDP IP MPLS PHY LER 110 (ingress node) PHY LSR 120 LSR 121 working LSP backup LSP TCP/UDP IP MPLS PHY LSR 220 TE Agent OSPF-TE/ BGP CR-LDP link failure detection OSPF-TE/ BGP CR-LDP TCP/UDP IP MPLS PHY LSR 221 APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. OSPF-TE/ BGP CR-LDP TCP/UDP IP MPLS TE Agent PHY TCP/UDP IP MPLS link failure notification TE Agent TE agent controls the rerouting OSPF-TE/ BGP CR-LDP TE Agent OSPF-TE/ BGP CR-LDP TE Agent TCP/UDP IP MPLS TE Agent OSPF-TE/ BGP CR-LDP PHY LER 211 (egress node) 80 Loopback Test OAM LSR120 LSR130 LSR140 LER 110 LER 150 timeout (a) Node-by-node sequential loop-back test timeout (b) Roll-call loop-back test APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 81 Proposed Format of Loopback Test OAM Packet 1 2 3 0 01234567890123456789012345678901 OAM Type OAM Function PDU Length Loop-back start LSR Identifier Loop-back end LSR Identifier LSP Identifier Loop-back operation mode (sequential or roll-call) Optional data Note) Loopback test operation mode: 0: node-by-node sequential loop-back test 1: roll-call loopback test mode APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 82 Implementations and Experiments Network Simulation Environment: NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) GMPLS Simulator (GLASS: Gmpls Lightpath Agile Switching Simulator): http://dns.antd.nist.gov/glass/ Networking Simulator for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) DiffServ-over-MPLS MPLS Networking WDM Optical Switching General Internet Applications over TCP/UDP, IP Included MPLS OAM functions to monitor, analysis network operational status APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 83 Network Simulation for DiffServ-over-MPLS Network Configuration Server Client 100 150 152 LSR120 LER 150 (WFQ Sched) 154 200 202 LER 111 LSR 121 (Priority Sched) (WFQ Sched) LER 210 LSR 220 LER 212 (WFQ Sched) 13.2Mbps 104 LER 110 13.2Mbps 102 101 (EF, 1 Mbps) 103 (AF, 2 Mbps) 105 (BF, 3 mbps) LSR 221 17.6 Mbps (WFQ Sched) LER 151 151 (EF, 1 Mbps) 153 (AF, 2 Mbps) 155 (BF, 3 Mbps) (WFQ Sched) LER 211 201 (AF, 4Mbps) LER 213 203 (AF, 4 Mbps) Note : the transit link between LSR 220 and LSR 221 has been designed to be bottleneck !! APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 84 Traffic Generation Src - Dest Traffic type 100 – 101 EF 102 – 103 AF 104 – 105 BE 150 - 151 EF 152 – 153 AF 154 – 155 BE 200 – 201 AF 202 - 203 AF Traffic Parameters (LSP) [kbps] PDR = 1,500 CDR = 1,000 PDR = 3,000 CDR = 2,000 PDR = 4,500 CDR = 3,000 PDR = 1,500 CDR = 1,000 PDR = 3,000 CDR = 2,000 PDR = 4,500 CDR = 3,000 PDR = 6,000 CDR = 4,000 PDR = 6,000 CDR = 4,000 Priority/Weight (DiffServ) Packet Scheduling (DiffServ) Traffic Generation duration [simulation time in sec] P=5 Priority 50 ~ 500 P=3 Priority 50 ~ 500 P=1 Priority 50 ~ 500 W=1 WFQ 100 ~ 450 W=2 WFQ 100 ~ 450 W=3 WFQ 100 ~ 450 W=4 WFQ 100 ~ 400 W=4 WFQ 200 ~ 350 (EF: Expedited Forwarding, AF: Assured Forwarding, BE: Best Effort Forwarding) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 85 Bandwidth Monitoring of DiffServ Traffic DiffServ Traffic Monitoring (Node160, WFQ scheduling) 7000000 6000000 6000000 sum(WFQ) time (sec) (a) Priority Scheduling 535 476 417 526 468 410 352 294 236 0 178 0 120 1000000 62 1000000 358 2000000 299 sum(PRI) 2000000 Node150 3000000 240 Node100 3000000 Node152 181 Node102 Node154 4000000 122 4000000 5000000 63 Node104 4 5000000 bandwidth (bps) 7000000 4 bandwidth (bps) DiffServ Traffic Monitoring (Node 110, Priority Scheduling) time (sec) (b) WFQ scheduling APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 86 End-to-end delay, Jitter DiffServ End-to-End Delay Node 160 (WFQ Scheduler) DiffServ End-to-End Delay Node 110 (Priority Scheduler) (a) E-to-E Delay, Priority Scheduling time(sec) (a) Jitter, Priority Scheduling 10 548 480 412 0 344 540 473 406 339 272 205 138 0 20 276 20 10 Node154(Rat io) Node152(Rat io) Node150(Rat io) 30 208 30 40 140 40 50 72 Node104(Rat io) Node102(Rat io) Node100(Rat io) 4 60 50 DiffServ Packet Loss Ratio Node 160 (WFQ Scheduler) Packet Loss Ratio(%) 70 71 524 (b) E-to-E Delay, WFQ scheduling DiffServ Packet Loss Ratio Node 110 (Priority Scheduler) 4 459 time(sec) time(sec) Packet Loss Ratio(%) 394 4 524 459 394 329 264 199 69 134 4 0 329 0.2 264 0.4 Node154 Node152 Node150 199 Node104 Node102 Node100 0.6 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 134 0.8 delay(sec) delay(sec) 1 69 1.2 time(sec) (b) Jitter, WFQ scheduling APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 87 Notifications on Severe Performance Degradation APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 88 Link Failure Detection and Notification Simulation scenario LSR120 LSR130 LSR140 LER 110 LER 150 Physical link error at 250 sec Failure detection by NIC, Continuity check OAM (a) Failure Detection by NIC (b) Failure Detection by Continuity Check APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 89 Loop-back Test 5ms 10ms 15ms 15ms 10ms 15ms Link Error at 250sec APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 90 MPLS-VPN Performance Management Intranet Management (EMS/NMS) SPN(Backbone) Management (EMS/NMS) Intranet Management (EMS/NMS) PE PE CE CE Tunneled LSP CE LSR Penultimate Hop LSR PE VLAN/Ethernet Penultimate Hop LSR SPN’s MPLS Backbone PE CE VC(Virtual Circuit) LSP APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 91 MPLS-VPN PM Examples Customer A Customer B Customer C (a) Throughput Customer A Customer B Customer C (b) Delay Customer A Customer B Customer C Customer A Customer B Customer C (c) Jitter (d) Packet Loss Ratio APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 92 Test Network Configuration for Controlled Bandwidth Borrowing Bottleneck link LER A LSP 1 LSR X 20M LER B LSR Y 10M LSP 3 20M 20M LSP 7 20M 20M LER C LSP 5 LER D LSP between A and B (4 Mbps) LSP between A and D (4 Mbps) LSP between C and B (4 Mbps) LSP between C and D (2 Mbps) LSR-LSR : 20Mbps LSR-LSR : 10 Mbps APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. Host-LSR : 5 Mbps 93 Dynamic Bandwidth Re-distribution Scenario Trigger bandwidth redistribution after 170sec Trigger bandwidth rollback at 400sec Bandwidth is not allocated to LSP 1,5 because of bottleneck link However, LSP 3,7 are allowed to get extra-bandwidth. (a) Throughput of LSP1, 3 (a) Throughput of LSP5,7 APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 94 Commercial MPLS-VPN Management Systems: Cisco VPN Solution, SheerBOS, Wandl’s IP/MPLSview APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 95 Cisco VPN Solution (1) Cisco VPN Solution Center Architecture API and Life-cycle Management APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 96 Cisco VPN Solution Center (2) Cisco VPN Solution Center 2.2: MPLS Solution (1) provides management of IP VPN services throughout the service life cycle including service provisioning and activation on customer-edge and provider-edge routers, service auditing and service-level agreement (SLA) provides external operations support systems (OSSs) access to the full capabilities of the Cisco VPN Solution Center using well-defined CORBA APIs Operators and upstream systems can add, delete, or modify customer MPLS VPNs and define associated VPN service topology (hub-and-spoke, fullmesh and extranet) Major functions: Fault – Cisco Info Center Configuration – Cisco Provisioning Center Performance – Concord Network Health Monitor APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 97 Cisco VPN Solution Center (3) Cisco VPN Solution Center 2.2: MPLS Solution (2) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 98 Cisco VPN Solution Center (4) Key features of Cisco VPN Solution Center Realtime provisioning flexibly service activation high-performance service auditing service quality assurance SLA monitoring and reporting QoS provisioning and measurement for service differentiation Templates for streamlined provisioning Application integration and flow-through provisioning OSS interface – CORBA APIs, TIBCO event bus, Java and XML fault management performance and other extended management functionality APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 99 SheerTMBOS (1) SheerTM Broadband Operating Supervisor (SheerTMBOS) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 100 SheerTMBOS (2) SheerTMBOS Solutions for Network Services DSL over ATM ATM over Optical IP IP over ATM IP Services over Optical L2TP and MPLS VPN over Optical core over ATM L2TP and MPLS IPVPN VLAN VLAN and MPLS/L2TP/IP APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 101 SheerTMBOS (3) SheerTMBOS Supported NEs Manufacturer Alcatel Cisco Copper Mountain ECL Lucent Network Element (NE) 36170(Newbridge) ATM Switch, ASAM DSLAM, MiniRam DSLAM 6400 SSG, UBR 7200 CMTS, 7x00 Router, GSR 1200 Router, Catalyst, Tdsoft Hunt8200 Router, BPX ATM Switch, 6100 DSLAM, 6160 DSLAM CE150 DSLAM, CE200 DSLAM HiFocus DSLAM CBX500 ATM Switch, GX550 ATM Switch Marconi 200 ATM Switch, 1000/4000 ATM Switch Motorola 2000 CMTS Nortel Shasta SSG, IMAS DSLAM, Passport ATM Switch Nokia D50 DSLAM Redback SMS 500 SSG, SMS 1800 SSG Siemens Unisphere SSG APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 102 SheerTMBOS (4) SheerTMBOS Auto Discovery of Topology, Inventory and Services Discovery of the network elements and the corresponding layered entities that exist within them (e.g. interfaces, forwarding components) Existing modules, ports/interfaces Existing logical entities MPLS labels Contexts/Virtual Routers Routing Tables, Forwarding Tables, VRF Tables, Label Swapping Tables Discovery of the relationships that exist between the entities in each layer (VC, VP, Ethernet MAC, PPPoA, 1483, 1Q tag) => Port (IP interface) => (1483R, Ethernet, .1Q, PPPoA, PPPoE) (Vbridge) => (Group of Interfaces) (VRF/Virtual Router) => (Group of Interfaces) Discovery of the multi-layer network topology Physical Topology ATM (PVC, SVC, SPVC) Topology Ethernet, VLANs Topology IP Topology MPLS Topology VPN Topology APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 103 SheerTMBOS (5) SheerTMBOS – Managing IP-VPN Services over Broadband Networks Network Inventory Auto-discovery MPLS IP-VPN logical inventory P and PE Global Label Forwarding Table PE Interface Specific Label Forwarding Table List of VPNs (PE) VPN Properties (PE) – – – – VPN VRF Table VPN Route Target: Import/Export VPN Router Distinguisher VPN Site list & Properties for each VPN Site Network Topology Auto-discovery Service Activation Operations Create/Delete VPN Add/Remove Site to VPN Required identification parameters: VPN identifiers, connection point, site subnets (in case of static route is used between CE-to-PE) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 104 Wandl’s IP/MPLSview (1) Features of Wandl’s IP/MPLSview Hardware Device Models Supported: Cisco, Juniper, Riverstone, Foundry, and generic router types. IP/MPLS-Configuration/Performance Management IP/MPLS-Network Planning VPN BGP MPLS-FRR Extensive Report Generation - Aids all aspects of planning, designing, and troubleshooting IP/MPLS Core Backbones. Flexible and friendly Graphical User Interface Fully web-enabled User Interface APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 105 Wandl’s IP/MPLSview (2) IP/MPLS Network Planning with Wandl’s IP/MPLSview IP network configuration, LSP tunnel and traffic collection Delta configuration generation for MPLS TE provisioning Multi-layer, Multi-protocol modeling according to exact equipment details LSP tunnel path placement and provisioning Fast reroute (FRR) End-to-end path protection MPLS LSP path generation/network grooming Multi-period traffic load analysis Basic design from scratch Incremental design Diversity/Resiliency design Bottleneck analysis Capacity planning / traffic growth Multi-layered failure simulation and analysis What-if simulation Standard or customizable tariff databased APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 106 Wandl’s IP/MPLSview (3) IP/MPLS Configuration and Performance Management Network centric operation of the MPLS traffic network Automated data collection – automatic discovery and incremental discovery Automatic discovery of network topology Web-accessible event browser tracks changes in network status Intelligent multi-vendor IP/MPLS parsing Physical and logical topology views Dynamic reconfiguration of MPLS tunnels Near real-time network monitoring: resource utilization, global network topology and traffic information display, interface/tunnel statistics, data collection via SNMP Network performance management and diagnostics History reports and historical traffic data replay Configuration and version control and archiving Configuration conformance validation Network inventory reports from SNMP polling Integrity checking APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 107 Wandl’s IP/MPLSview (3) Additional Features Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) model Differentiated Services VPN Model State-of-Art Network Graphics Fully Web-enabled User Interface Wep reports Extensive report generations APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 108 Experiences in the Design and Implementation of Management System for DiffServ-aware-MPLS DoumiMan (DiffServ-over-universal mpls internet Manager) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 109 Layered Network Management in DoumiMan (DiffServover-universal mpls internet Manager) IPNetwork IP Subnetwork & VPN Network PMHandler ForPort FaultManagerHandler IPSubnetwork PMHandler ForLSP IPRouter IPMPLSRouter IPConnectivity DiffServELSP MPLS Layer Network MPLSNetwork MPLSLSR TELSP MPLSLSP 1 0..* Router PhysicalNetwork Physical Layer Network PhysicalNode APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. Port Link 110 O-O Design & Implementation for Extensibility APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 111 Auto-discovery of Physical Topology Information through Telnet CLI (Command Line Interface) Pivot router NMS ① show ip vrf 7204_H 7204_F ② no VRF related information ③ show cdp entry*, show cdp neighbors, show tag-switching tdp discovery ④ Information about Neighbors ⑤ show ip vrf ⑥ Information of VRF table ⑦ show ip route vrf vrf-name show ip protocols vrf vrf-name ⑧ Detailed information of VRF table (IP routing table on VRF, routing protocol on VRF) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 112 Configuration Management GUI APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 113 DiffServ-aware-ELSP Connection Management APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 114 DiffServ-aware-ELSP Performance Management Service type NCT : Guaranteed BW DiffServ 적용 구간 Best- effort : No QoS APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 115 MPLS Fault Managements with NMS NMS/EMS CE (Customer Edge) Establish Backup LSP (Rerouting) CE (Customer Edge) Fault Notification (notification) AS: 300 AS: 200 Link Failure CE (Customer Edge) PE (Provider Edge) PE (Provider Edge) AS: 500 Service Provider Backbone (AS: 100) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. CE (Customer Edge) AS: 400 116 Example of Fast Reroute in Cisco Routers APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 117 VPN GUIs APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 118 DiffServ-aware-MPLS VPN GUIs APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 119 Concluding Remarks We discussed Framework of MPLS-based VPNs: L3VPN, L2VPN, VPLS Traffic Engineering based on DiffServ-aware-(G)MPLS Management Framework of MPLS Network, MPLS MIBs MPLS OAM for the Management of MPLS-based VPNs Commercial MPLS-VPN Management Systems: Cisco VPN Solution, SheerBOS, Wandl’s IP/MPLSview Experiences in the Management of DiffServ-aware-MPLS VPN APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 120 References [1] RFC 2764, A Framework for IP based Virtual Private Networks, February 2000. [2] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l3vpn-rfc2547bis-00.txt, BGP/MPLS IP VPNs, May 2003. [3] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l3vpn-framework-00.txt, A Framework for Layer 3 Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Networks (PPVPNs), March 2003. [4] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l3vpn-vpn-vr-00.txt, Network based IP VPN Architecture using Virtual Routers, May 2003. [5] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l2vpn-l2-framework-00.txt, L2VPN Framework, Feb. 2003. [6] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l2vpn-requirements-00.txt, Service Requirements for Layer 2 Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Networks, Jan. 2004. [7] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l2vpn-vpls-requirements-00.txt, Requirements for Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS), Oct. 2002. [8] IETF Draft, draft-lasserre-vkompella-ppvpn-vpls-02.txt, Virtual Private LAN Services over MPLS, June 2002. [9] RFC 3272, Overview and Principles of Internet Traffic Engineering, May 2002. [10] RFC 3564, Requirements for Support of Differentiated Services-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering, July 2003. [11] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-mgmt-overview-08.txt, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Management Overview, August 2003. [12] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-te-mib-12.txt , Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering Management Information Base, August 2003. [13] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-tc-mib-09.txt, Definitions of Textual Conventions for Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Management, August 2003. [14] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-oam-requirements-01.txt, OAM Requirements for MPLS Networks, June 2003. APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 121 [15] ITU-T Rec. Y.1710, Requirements for MPLS OAM. [16] ITU-T Rec. Y.1711, OAM Mechanisms for MPLS Network. [17] ITU-T Rec. Y.1720, Protection Switching for MPLS Networks. [18] ITU-T Draft Rec. Y.mplsperf, MPLS Performance. [19] IETF RFC3289, Differentiated Services MIB module [20] IETF draft-ietf-snmpconf-diffpolicy-07.txt, Differentiated Services Configuration MIB. [21] IETF RFC 3512, Configuring Networks and Devices With SNMP. [22] IETF RFC 3410, "Introduction and Applicability Statements for Internet- Standard Management Framework ", [23] IETF RFC 3289 Management Information Base for the Differentiated Services Architecture", , May 2002. [24] IETF RFC3411, "An Architecture for Describing Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Frameworks", Harrington, D., Presuhn, R. and B. Wijnen, December 2002. [25] IETF draft-ietf-snmpconf-pm-13.txt, "Policy-based Management MIB", Work in Progress, Waldbusser, S., J. Saperia, and T. Hongal, March 2003. [26] IETF draft-ietf-psamp-framework-03.txt, A Framework for Passive Packet Measurement, June 2003. [27] IETF draft-ietf-psamp-sample-tech-02.txt, Sampling and Filtering Techniques for IP Packet Selection, June 2003. [28] Tanja Zseby, “Deployment of Sampling Methods for SLA Validation with Non-Intrusive Measurements,” Proceedings of Passive and Active Measurement Workshop (PAM 2002), Fort Collins, CO, USA, March 25-26, 2002. [29] IETF draft-ietf-psamp-mib-00.txt, Definitions of Managed Objects for Packet Sampling, [30] IETF draft-ietf-mpls-telink-mib-02.txt, Traffic Engineering Link Management Information Base, May 2003. [31] IETF RFC 3209, RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels, December 2001. APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 122 [32] IETF RFC 3469, Framework for Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)-based Recovery, February 2003. [33] IETF draft-ietf-mpls-rsvp-lsp-fastreroute-03.txt, Fast Reroute Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Tunnels, [34] IETF draft-ietf-mpls-lsp-ping-03.txt, Detecting MPLS Data Plane Failures. [35] IETF draft-ietf-mpls-fastreroute-mib-01.txt, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering Management Information Base for Fast Reroute, November 2002. [36] IETF RFC 3479, Fault Tolerance for the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), February 2003. [37] IETF RFC 2702, Requirements for Traffic Engineering Over MPLS, September 1999. [38] IETF draft-ietf-mpls-oam-requirements-01.txt, OAM Requirements for MPLS Networks, June 2003. [39] IETF RFC draft-ietf-mpls-bgp-mpls-restart-02.txt, Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP with MPLS, October 2002. [40] IETF draft-ietf-policy-qos-device-info-model-10.txt, Information Model for Describing Network Device QoS Datapath Mechanisms, May 2003. [41] IETF draft-ietf-policy-core-schema-16.txt, Policy Core LDAP Schema, October 2002. [42] IETF RFC 3060, Policy Core Information Model -- Version 1 Specification, [43] IETC RFC 3198, Terminology for Policy-Based Management, November 2001. [44] IETF RFC 3460, Policy Core Information Model (PCIM) Extensions, January 2003. [45] IETF draft-ietf-netconf-prot-00, NETCONF Configuration Protocol, August 11, 2003. [46] IETF RFC 2925, Definitions of Managed Objects for Remote Ping, Traceroute, and Lookup Operations, September 2000. [47] IETF draft-ietf-disman-alarm-mib-14.txt, Alarm MIB, June 2003. [48] IETF draft-ietf-disman-event-mib-v2-02.txt, Event MIB, June 2003. [49] IETF draft-ietf-rmonmib-raqmon-framework-02.txt , Real-time Application Quality of Service Monitoring (RAQMON) Framework, June 2003. APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 123 [50] IETF draft-ietf-rmonmib-raqmon-pdu-02.txt, Real-time Application Quality of Service Monitoring (RAQMON) Protocol Data Unit (PDU), June 2003. [51] IETF draft-ietf-rmonmib-raqmon-mib-01.txt, Real-time Application Quality of Service Monitoring (RAQMON) MIB, June 2003. [52] IETF draft, Application Performance Measurement MIB draft-ietf-rmonmib-apm-mib-10.txt, August 6, 2003. [53] IETF draft-ietf-rmonmib-tpm-mib-09.txt, Transport Performance Metrics MIB, June 26, 2003. [54] IETF draft-ietf-rmonmib-sspm-mib-07.txt, Definition of Managed Objects for Synthetic Sources for Performance Monitoring Algorithms, June 2003. [55] Thomas D. Naeau, MPLS Network Management – MIBs, Tools and Techniques, Morgan Kaufmann Publishing Co., 2003. [56] NIST GMPLS Simulator – A Scalable Discrete Event Simulator for the GMPLS-based Next Generation Optical Internet, http://dns.antd.nist.gov/glass/. [57] MPLS Forum Super Demo 2002 – Test Plan & Results. [58] Petri Aukia et al., “RATES: A Server for MPLS Traffic Engineering,” IEEE Network Magazine, Mar./Apr. 2000. [59] Wandal IP/MPLSView, http://www.wandl.com/html/mplsview/MPLSview_new.cfm. [60] Differentiated Services – Network Configuration and Management (DISCMAN), EURESCOM, 2000. [61] Sheer Broadband Operating Supervisor (BOS), Sheer Networks, http://www.sheernetworks.com/solutions/overview.shtml. [62] TS Choi, SH Yoon, HS Chung, CH Kim, JS Park, BJ Lee, TS Jeong, “Wise<TE>: Traffic Engineering Server for a Large-scale MPLS-based IP Networks,” NOMS2002, April 2002.pp. 251 ~ 264. APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 124 [63] Cisco MPLS Tunnel Builder Pro, http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/netmgtsw/ps4731/prod_technical_reference09186a0080107b3 a.html. [64] Cisco VPN Solution Center 2.2, http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/netmgtsw/ps2327/. [65] Youngtak Kim, “DoumiMan (DiffServ-over-universal-MPLS Internet Manager) for Guaranteed QoS Provisioning in Next Generation Internet,” ITRC Forum 2003, June 4, 2003. APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 125 Thank You !!! Youngtak Kim, Ph.D., Associate Professor Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University (Tel: +82-53-810-2497, Fax: +82-53-814-5713, E-mail: [email protected]) APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 126