Download Mid Term Review

Mid-Term Review
Tobi England
The Greek Vowels
Short
Long
α
α
ε
η
ο
ω
ι
ι
υ
υ
A Diphthong
A combination of two vowels
in a single syllable.
αι, pronounced like ai in aisle
Two vowels sounds “fused”
into one.
An Iota Subscript
When ι unites with long α, η, or ω, to
form one sound.
ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ, There is no effect on the pronunciation.
*The letter is written under the letter instead
of after it.
Breathing Marks
A vowel, a diphthong, or the letter
ρ at the beginning of a word
always has a breathing.
( ‘ ) Rough breathing indicates an “h” sound.
( ’ ) Smooth breathing is silent
Punctuation Marks
Comma ( , )
Period ( . )
Colon ( · )
Question Mark ( ; )
Accentuation
• Differentiate words
• Help to identify forms
• Indicate musical pitch
• Stress voice on accented syllable
Accent Marks
Accents stand over a vowel or
over the second vowel of a
diphthong.
Acute (´ )
Circumflex ( ⁀ )
Grave (`)
What is a Syllable?
A syllable is an utterance
unit with one, and only
one, vowel or diphthong
at its center
The Syllable RULE
Every Greek word has as
many syllables as it has
separate vowels or
diphthongs.
βλέπω
λόγο
βλέ-πω
λό-γο
The Syllables
Last syllable – ultima
One before that – penult
One before that - antepenult
Present Active Indicative
(verb or personal endings)
The Greek Verb
Tense – Kind of Action
Voice – Relationship of action to
subject
Mood – Speaker’s attitude
toward the reality of his
statement
Tense of the Verb
Linear (durative)
Punctiliar (point)
Combination
Voice of the Verb
Active – Subject is doing action
Middle – Subject is acting with
reference to himself
Passive – Subject is being acted
upon
Mood of the Verb
Indicative – States a thing to be
true
Subjunctive – Doubt or
contingency
Imperative – Commands a thing
to be true
Person of the Verb
First
Second
Third
Number of the Verb
Singular
Plural
Present Active Indicative
λυω
Singular
1 λυ-ω
2 λυ-ει
3 λυ-ει
I am loosing
You are loosing
He, she, it is loosing
Present Active Indicative
λυω
Plural
1 λυ-ομεν
2 λυ-ετε
3 λυ-ουσι
We are loosing
Ye are loosing
They are loosing
Verb Stem
The part of the verb that
remains constant throughout.
Progressive Tense System
Stem is λυ-
Verb Conjugation
To give all the variations of a verb in
its terminations in the proper order.
Present Active Indicative of λυω
λυω
λυομεν
λυει
λυετε
λυει
λυουσι
Verb Parsing
Fully identify a particular verb according
to its form
λυομεν
of λυω
Tense – Present
Voice – Active
Mood – Indicative
Person – 1st
Number – Plural
We are loosing
The Greek Noun
Gender
Number
Case
Gender of the Noun
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
*Grammatical Gender is not the same as sex.
The vocabularies will always list
nouns with their definite articles.
Masculine gender
ὁ (the)
Feminine gender
ἡ (the)
Neuter gender
τό (the)
*The definite article always agrees in
gender, number, and case with the noun
that it modifies.
Number of the Noun
Singular
Plural
*Verbs agree with their subject in number.
Case of the Noun
Nominative – Case of the Subject
Genitive – Case of Possession
Dative – Case of Indirect Object
Accusative – Case of Direct Object
Declension of the Noun
Listing of a noun in all four cases, both
numbers with gender case endings
that correspond to the gender of the
noun.
Singular
Plural
Nom.
λογ-ο
λογ-οι
Gen.
λογ-ου
λογ-ων
Dat.
λογ-ῳ
λογ-οι
Acc.
λογ-ον
λογ-ου
1st Declension Feminine Nouns
All nouns of the first declension
ending in α or η are feminine.
Types of Feminine 1st Declension Nouns:
1) α in their endings throughout the singular
2) η in their endings throughout the singular
3) α in their endings in nom. & acc. singular
η in their endings in gen. & dat. Singular
*The plural endings are the same for all three types.
The Greek Adjective
Adjectives, including the
article, agree with the nouns
they modify, in gender,
number and case, but not
necessarily in the form of the
endings.
The Greek Adjective
Adjectives are used in two
distinct ways:
1) Attributively
2) Predicatively
The Greek Adjective
Attributively – the Greek
adjective has a definite
article immediately in front
of it.
Predicatively – the Greek
adjective is not preceded
immediately by an article.
The Greek Adjective
Substantive – the Greek
adjective, especially one
with the definite article, that
does not accompany a
noun, can be used as
though it were a noun.
The Greek Definite Article
Blepomen
Menousi
ginoskei
este
didaskw
krinete
ei
baptizomen
eimi
akouei
esmen