Download Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates

Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Table of Contents
11.1 What
Chapter
Preview
is an Animal?
11.2 What
11.1
Sponges
is anand
Animal?
Cnidarians
11.3 Sponges
11.2
Worms and
and
Mollusks
Cnidarians
11.4 Arthropods
11.3
Worms and Mollusks
11.5 Arthropods
11.4
Echinoderms
11.5 Echinoderms
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Chapter Preview Questions
1. Which of the following animals appeared first during
Earth’s history?
a. fishes
b. mammals
c. worms
d. reptiles
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Chapter Preview Questions
1. Which of the following animals appeared first during
Earth’s history?
a. fishes
b. mammals
c. worms
d. reptiles
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Which of the following structures is NOT found in animal cells?
a. cell wall
b. cell membrane
c. mitochondria
d. nucleus
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Which of the following structures is NOT found in animal cells?
a. cell wall
b. cell membrane
c. mitochondria
d. nucleus
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Chapter Preview Questions
3. If an animal reproduces asexually, it
a. has two parent organisms.
b. undergoes conjugation.
c. is genetically identical to its offspring.
d. inherits two different sets of alleles.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Chapter Preview Questions
3. If an animal reproduces asexually, it
a. has two parent organisms.
b. undergoes conjugation.
c. is genetically identical to its offspring.
d. inherits two different sets of alleles.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Chapter Preview Questions
4. If an animal has specialized tissues and organs, the
animal’s cells have undergone
a. photosynthesis.
b. osmosis.
c. selective breeding.
d. differentiation.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Chapter Preview Questions
4. If an animal has specialized tissues and organs, the
animal’s cells have undergone
a. photosynthesis.
b. osmosis.
c. selective breeding.
d. differentiation.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
What major functions do animals’ bodies perform?
On a walk through the park, you stop to
look closely at the leaves of a plant. You
see an insect laying eggs. The eggs are
the result of sexual reproduction. The
cells in each insect egg contain many
genes. Where do these genes come
from? Explain your answer.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Use Clues to Determine Meaning
What a
polyp is
The animals called cnidarians have two different
body plans. One form looks something like a vase.
The vase-shaped body plan is called a polyp.
A polypís mouth opens at the top and its tentacles
spread out from around the mouth.
Additional information
about a polyp
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Apply It!
1. In your own words, what is the meaning of polyp?
Sample: A polyp is a vase-shaped cnidarian.
2. What sentence contains the definition of polyp?
Sentence 3
3. What other clues help you understand the meaning of polyp?
The last sentence tells me it has a mouth that opens at the top and is
surrounded by spreading tentacles.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
End of Chapter
Preview
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Section 1:
What is an Animal?
How are animal bodies typically organized?
What are the four major functions of animals?
What is symmetry?
How are animals classified?
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Structure of Animals
The cells of most animals are organized
into higher levels of structure, including
tissues, organs, and systems.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Structure of Animals
The cells of most animals are organized
into higher levels of structure, including
tissues, organs, and systems.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Classification of Animals
This branching tree shows how the major animal groups
are related.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Links on the Animal Kingdom
Click the SciLinks button for links on the animal kingdom.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
The Animal Kingdom
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the animal kingdom.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
End of Section:
What Is an Animal?
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Section 2: Sponges
and Cnidarians?
What are the main characteristics of sponges?
What are the main characteristics of cnidarians?
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Sponges
Structures surrounding the central cavity of a sponge are
adapted for different functions.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Structure of a Sponge Activity
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access Active Art about the structure of a sponge.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Cnidarians
Cnidarians have two basic body plans, the vase-shaped
polyp and the bowl-shaped medusa.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Cnidarians
Cnidarians use stinging cells to capture food and defend
themselves.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Cnidarians
The life cycle of a
moon jelly has both
a polyp and a
medusa stage, and
both sexual and
asexual
reproduction.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Click the Video button to watch a movie about invertebrates.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
End of Section:
Sponges and
Cnidarians
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Section 3:
Worms and Mollusks
What are the main characteristics of worms?
What are the main characteristics of each phylum
of worms?
What are the main characteristics of mollusks?
What are eth main groups of mollusks?
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Characteristics of Worms
Biologists classify worms into three major phyla—flatworms,
roundworms, and segmented worms.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Life Cycle of a Dog Tapeworm
This tapeworm is a parasite that lives in more that one host
during its life cycle.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Roundworm Numbers
Biologists counted all the
roundworms living in a plot of
soil. Then they calculated the
percentage that lives in different
depths of soil.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Roundworm Numbers
Reading Graphs:
Where in the soil was the
largest percentage of
roundworms found?
In the first centimeter
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Roundworm Numbers
Calculating:
What is the total percentage
of roundworms found in the
first 3-cm depth of soil?
About 87%
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Roundworm Numbers
Drawing Conclusions:
What is the relationship
between the depth of soil and
the abundance of
roundworms in the soil?
The deeper the soil, the fewer
the worms
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Segmented Worms
Earthworms and other segmented worms have bodies made
up of many linked sections called segments.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Characteristics of Mollusks
Although they don’t look much alike at first, a snail, a clam,
and a squid have the same basic body structures.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Snails and Slugs
Gastropods such as this land snail
have an organ called a radula, which
tears and scrapes up food.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
More on Worms
Click the PHSchool.com button for an activity about worms.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
End of Section:
Worms and Mollusks
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Section 4: Arthropods
What are the general characteristics of arthropods?
What are the distinguishing structures of crustaceans,
arachnids, centipedes and millipedes, and insects?
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Characteristics of Arthropods
Members of the largest arthropod groups differ in several
characteristics.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Crustaceans
A crustacean is an arthropod that has two or three body
sections, five or more pairs of legs, and two pairs of
antennae.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Body Structure
Insects are arthropods with three body sections, six legs, one
pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Life Cycle
An insect with complete metamorphosis has four different
stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Life Cycle
An insect with gradual metamorphosis has no distinct larval
stage. An egg hatches into a stage called a nymph, which
usually looks like the adult insect without wings.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Links on Arthropods
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Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Insect Adaptations
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insect adaptations.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
End of Section:
Arthropods
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Section 5:
Echinoderms
What are the main characteristics of echinoderms?
What are the major groups of echinoderms?
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Characteristics of Echinoderms
Echinoderms, such as this sea star, have a water vascular
system that helps them move and catch food.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Water Vascular System Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and
access Active Art about the water vascular system.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
Diversity of Echinoderms
There are four major groups of echinoderms: sea stars,
brittle stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. All have radial
symmetry and are found in the ocean.
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
End of Section:
Echinoderms
Chapter 11 Structure and Function of Invertebrates
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