Download ( ﺗﻌﻧﻲ ﻋددي ) Mention in points 1-kind of tropism : 1) Phototropism 2

Mention in points
)‫(تعني عددي‬
1-kind of tropism :
1) Phototropism
2) Gravitropism
3) Thigmotropism
2-Major Types of Plant Hormones
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auxin
Cytokinins
Gibberellins
Abscisic acid (ABA)
Ethylene
3-function of auxin
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stimulate stem elongation
affect root growth
affect branching
affect development of fruit
affect apical dominance
affect phototropism and gravitropism
4-function of Cytokinins
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Affect root growth and differentiation
stimulate cell division
stimulate growth
stimulate germination
delaying aging
5-Gibberellins
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promote seed germination
promote bud development
promote stem elongation
promote leaf growth
stimulate flowering
stimulate fruit development
affect root growth and differentiation
6-Abscisic acid (ABA)
1- Inhibits growth
2- closes stomata during water stress
3- helps maintain dormancy
7-Ethylene
1- Promotes fruit ripening
2- opposes some auxin effect
3- promotes or inhibits growth and development of roots, leaves and flowers
8-Plant hormones agricultural uses
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Control of fruit production, ripening, and dropping
Production of seedless fruits
Use as weed killers
hormones help keep food prices down
benefit the environment
9-Plant flowering by measuring photoperiod
1- Short-day plants flower
2- Long-day plants flower
3- Neutral day plants flower
10-Types of endocrine depend on its secretions
1- The endocrine ( ex: thyroid gland , adrenal gland …. etc)
2- The Exocrine ( ex: salivary glands , Lacrimal glands ,Mammary glands)
3- Mixed glands (ex: Ovary in female , Testes in male)
11-Insects hormones :
1- Brain hormone ) ‫(هرمون الدماغ‬
2- Juvenile hormone (‫)هرمون الشباب‬
3- Ecdysone hormone ( ‫(هرمون اإلنسالخ‬
12-Damage resulting from type 1 (insulin-dependent)
1- Autoimmune disease
2- Insulin-producing cells destroyed
13-Damage resulting from type 2 (non-insulin-dependent)
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Deficiency of insulin
More commonly, reduced response to insulin
More than 90% of diabetics are type 2
Associated with being overweight and underactive
14-Division of nervous system
1- central nervous system (CNS)
2- Peripheral nervous system (PNS
15-Short-term stress response
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Glycogen broken down to glucose; increased blood glucose
ncreased blood pressure
Increased breathing rate
Increased metabolic rate
ncreased blood pressure
Increased breathing rate
Increased metabolic rate
16-Long-term stress response
A. Mineralocorticoids :
1- Retention of sodium ions and water by kidneys
2- Increased blood volume and blood pressure
B. Glucocorticoids
1- Proteins and fats broken down and converted to glucose, leading to
increased blood glucose
2- Immune system may be suppressed
17-Types of neurons
1- Sensory neurons
2- Interneurons
3- Motor neurons
18-Factors that affect the nerve signals through axon
)‫العوامل المؤثرة في انتقال اإلشاراث العصبيت (الدفقت العصبيت‬
1- The diameter of the axon ‫قطر المحور‬
2- Presence of insulation material ‫وجود المادة العازلت‬
3- Temperature ‫درجت الحرارة‬
19-The importance of sleeping
1- Is essential for survival
2- Sleep is an active state
3- Sleep may be involved in consolidating learning and memory
20-Neurological disorders
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Schizophrenia
Depression
Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease