Download BMS100 / Spring 2012 / Test 2, Part 2

BMS100 / Spring 2012 / Test 3, Part 2
*** two points per question except as indicated ***
1. Give the Greek term for any two (2) of the following:
a. red blood cell = erythrocyte
b. white blood cell = leukocyte
c. platelet = thrombocyte
2. Name two (2) organs, or types of organs, that belong to the lymphatic system.
Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils.
3. What must be true of a molecule in order for it to be considered a “self” molecule?
In order for a molecule to be considered a “self” molecule, it must have been
present in the body during the “antigen inventory” that occurs around the
time of birth.
4. Answer the following questions about immunizations.
a. What is given to the patient during a routine immunization?
The antigen against which immunity is desired.
b. It is the purpose of a routine immunization to cause the patient’s body to
produce what type of cell?
Memory cell, or, memory B cell or memory T cell.
5. Answer the following questions about blood vessels.
a. What type of vessel has the thickest walls? Artery
b. Explain why it is necessary for these vessels to have thick walls.
It is necessary for arteries to have thick walls to be able to withstand
the high pressure of the blood within them.
c. What type of vessel has the thinnest walls? Capillary
d. Explain why it is advantageous for these vessels to have thin walls.
Capillaries have thin walls so as to make the transfers of molecules
and ions into or out of the blood easier. The thin walls represent a
minimum barrier.
6. (3 pts.) Answer the following questions about heart valves.
a. Give the full name (no abbreviations) for any one (1) of the heart valves.
Atrioventricular valve (right or left) OR semilunar valve (right or left) OR
aortic valve OR pulmonary valve.
b. Within the cardiac cycle, when is the valve named in ‘a.’ closed?
AV valves close during ventricular systole.
SL valves (aortic & pulmonary) close during ventricular diastole.
c. What is the function of the valve named in ‘a.’, i.e., what is the value or
purpose of having this valve close?
Closing of AV valves prevents backflow from ventricles to atria.
Closing of SL valves prevents backflow from arteries to ventricles.
7. What is the difference between an organ of the gastrointestinal tract and an accessory
organ of digestion?
Organs of the gastrointestinal tract contain (or may contain) food or chyme
Or feces.
Accessory organs do not contain food or chyme or feces.
8. Why is it that the small intestine can absorb glucose, but it cannot absorb starch?
The small intestine can absorb glucose, but it cannot absorb starch, because
starch molecules are too large to pass through the cell membranes of the
intestinal mucosa. Glucose molecules are small enough to pass through the
cell membranes of the cells of the mucosa.
9. What is the function of each of the following constituents of gastric juice?
a. hydrochloric acid – kill or inhibit microorganisms; aid in digestion
b. mucus – protect mucosa of stomach from acid
10. What are the two largest organs that secrete (release) their fluids into the duodenum?
Liver and pancreas
11. Use numbers (1-5) to show the correct sequence in the passage of material through
the large intestine.
__5_ rectum
__2_ transverse colon
__4_ sigmoid colon
__1_ ascending colon
__3_ descending colon
12. Tell whether each of the following is an anabolic process or a catabolic process.
a. linking of amino acids into protein molecules anabolic
b. breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids, etc. catabolic