Download Final Exam Checklist - Holy Trinity Academy

Biology 20
Final Exam Checklist
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Unit A: Energy Transfer and Ecosystems
Unit B: Evolution and Natural Selection
Unit C: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Unit D: Human Systems
Final Exam: June 24, 2011
9:00 a.m. – 11:00 a.m.
Unit A: Energy Exchange and Ecosystems
 The Biosphere: Atmosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere
 Energy Transfer: amount incoming and changes (albedo)
 Producers, Consumers (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary), Decomposers, Detrivores
 Chemosynthesis
 Food Chains & Trophic Levels
 Pyramids of Number, Biomass, Energy
 (10% Rule)
 Productivity (Primary, Secondary), Productivity in Water Ecosystems, Forest Ecosystems,
Desert Ecosystems
 Water (Universal Solvent, High Heat Capacity, Adhesion/Cohesion, density)
 Biogeochemical Cycles (Nitrogen, Carbon/Oxygen, Phosphorus, Water)
 Energy Balance (laws of thermodynamics)
 Stromatalites and Prehistoric Atmospheric Composition
Unit B: Ecosystems and Evolution
 Biotic/Abiotic Factors
o Biomes (abiotic limiting factors), Climate (temperature, precipitation),
Competition, Predation, Parasites
 Habitat vs Range vs Niche
 Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Niches, Species, : definitions, what is studied
 Taxonomy : Why classify?
 Domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)
 Linnaeus System (Domain , Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)
 Binomial Nomenclature
 Dichotomous Keys
 Population Change (Adaptation, Variation, Mutation)
 Selective Advantages/Disadvantages
 Darwin, Lamarck, Cuvier, Lyell, Hutton, Leclerc, etc.
 Theory of Natural Selection ( Five Points) and Darwin’s Observations
 Evidence of Natural Selection (Fossils, Embryology, Anatomy, Biochemistry/Amino Acids,
Biogeography/Pangaea, Genetics)
 Homologous/Analogous Structures
 Forming New Species (Speciation) (Biological and Geographical Barriers) –
sympatric/allopatric
 Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium
 Adaptive Radiation
Unit C: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
 Light Dependant Reactions  ATP, NADPH
 Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Benson Cycle)  Glucose
 Why plants are green?
 Photosystems and Thylakoids
 Electron Transport Chain
 Photosynthetic Rates (affected by temperature, CO2/O2 levels, etc)
 C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6H2O
 Aerobic Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration, Fermentation
 Glycolosis (2 ATP) : products
 Krebs Cycle ( 2 ATP): products, other names
 ETC (34 ATP): final acceptor, NAD/FAD difference
 Chemiosmosis
 Lactate & Ethanol Fermentation
 ATP Production – where? How many? Which molecules?
 Locations of Photosynthetic and Cellular Respiration Processes
 REDOX Reactions (Reduction and Oxidation of NADPH/NADH/FADH2)
Unit D: Human Systems
 Macromolecules (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids)
 Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis
 Enzyme Function (effect of Temperature, pH, Inhibitors, Substrate Concentration,
Cofactors, Coenzymes)
 Digestive System Anatomy/Structure & Function
 Physical and Chemical Digestions
 Peristalsis
 Accessory Organs and Secretions
 pH of nutrients (HCl, Pepsinogen, Pepsin, Bicarbonate, Chyme)
 Nutrient Absorption & Waste Concentration/Removal
 Digestive Health
 Respiratory System Anatomy/Structure & Function
 Breathing Mechanics (Muscles Involved, Volumes, Pressures)
 Respiratory Volumes (Spirograph- Tidal, Reserve, & Residual)
 Respiratory Health
 Circulatory System Anatomy/Structure & Function
 Blood Pressure, heart rate, pulse, heart sounds
 SA Node, AV Node, Purjinkie Fibers, ECG’s
 Cardiovascular & Blood Health
 Blood Types, Circulation & Immunity
 Lymphocytes, B-Cells, T-Cells, Suppressor T-Cells, Memory T-Cells, Helper T-Cells
 Excretion System Anatomy/Structure & Function
 Deamination
 Filtering Process and the Nephron (reabsorbed vs secreted)
 Water Level Regulation (ADH, aldosterone) , pH regulation
 Kidney Health
 Muscular System/Anatomy & Function
 Muscle Movement (Fast/Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers, Actin, Myosin, etc.)
 Muscle Health and energy sources (Creatine, Lactate, Fermentation, O2 deficient, etc.)
 Organs that link several systems i.e. Liver
Exam Breakdown
Exam Section
Mark Allocation
Multiple Choice Questions (66)
66 marks
Numerical Response Questions (6)
6 marks
Written Response (4 units * 1/Unit)
28 marks
TOTAL
100 marks