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CH 8 Commerce and Culture 500 - 1500
NAME _______________________ DATE ________ PERIOD_____
Vocabulary
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Venice
trans-Saharan slave trade
third-wave civilizations
Swahili civilization
Sudan
Srivijaya
Silk Roads
Sand Roads
Sailendras
Borobudur
bubonic plague
Ghana, Mali, Songhay
Great Zimbabwe
Ibn Battuta
Indian Ocean trading network
Jie people
Malaysians
monsoons
oasis cities
pochteca:
Black Death
Multiple Answer Questions
The questions here are intended to call your attention to significant topics dealt with in
the textbook. You can use them to test your recall of what you have read. More
important, you can use them to guide your thinking about what you should get from your
reading.
You may check your answer by clicking on the letter of your choice. For each question
there may be more than one correct answer.
1. Examples of systems of long-distance trade between A.D. 500 and A.D. 1500 include
the
a. Silk Road.
b. Atlantic System
c. Indian Ocean Maritime System.
d. trans-Saharan caravan routes.
2. During the time that the Parthians ruled the Persian empire.
a. Greek culture was spread in it.
b. a link for trading goods between Rome and China was created through Persia.
c. Zoroastrianism was revived as an influential spiritual force.
d. Persia got back territories that had been taken away by the Roman empire.
3. The people who traveled along the Silk Road in classical and postclassical times.
a. were well respected by the local townspeople.
b. were usually pastoral nomads.
c. were secretive about their knowledge.
d. contributed more to the drawing together of the world than most kings.
4. Technologies that originated in Central Asia included.
a. chariot warfare.
b. the camel saddle.
c. the use of mounted bowmen.
d. use of stirrups.
5. In the 300s-500s Mahayana Buddhism appealed to Chinese people because
a. young people wanted to express their rebellion by adopting a foreign religion.
b. it offered salvation in paradise after death, in contrast to Daoism and
Confucianism.
c. monasteries provided support for people with economic needs.
d. its atheism reenforced the pessimism engendered by the political chaos of the
period of "six dynastie.".
6. Chinese Buddhists adapted Buddhism to their culture by promoting
a. family values.
b. belief in boddhisatvas.
c. political loyalty.
d. rituals for dead ancestors.
7. Chinese Buddhism differed from Indian Buddhsim in the
a. rigidity and uniformity of its doctrines.
b. insistence on an ascetic lifestyle.
c. prestige and wealth of its monasteries.
d. appeal to the upper classes.
8. Direct consequences of the Mongol Eurasian imperium for international trade included
a. near paralysis for around two centuries.
b. encouragement of European traders to seek a sea route to East Asia.
c. establishment of the first regular trade patterns crossing Eurasia.
d. reopening of ancient trade routes between east and west.
9. The regions of trade in the Indian Ocean Maritime System included the
a. South China Sea.
b. Mediterranean Sea.
c. east coast of India to the islands of Southeast Asia.
d. west coast of India to the Persian Gulf and the east coast of Africa.
10. Which of the following areas are parts of "mainland southeast Asia"?
a. Burma.
b. Malaya.
c. Sumatra.
d. Champa.
11. Which of the following areas are a part of "island southeast Asia"?
a. Khmer.
b. Malaya.
c. Sumatra.
d. Java.
12. Women in southeast Asian culture generally
a. exercised more religious and political influence than women in India and
China.
b. were excluded from economic activity.
c. enjoyed more social equality with men than did women in India and China.
d. occupied dominating positions over large extended families.
13. That civilization moved into southeast Asia from outside rather than developing
indigenously is signified by the
a. residual matriarchy in the region.
b. dominance of Buddhism and Islam in the region.
c. region's failure to develop commercial seaports.
d. modern designation of the region as "Indochina."
14. In the period between 700 and 1200 Southeast Asia, like western Europe, the Russian
area, and sub-Saharan Africa, experienced typical developments of the postclassical era
by
a. moving from preurban to civilized social organization under external influence.
b. falling from centralized order into chaos and disorder.
c. adopting a world-class religion from outside the region.
d. creating hitherto unknown scientific and technological knowledge.
15. In general terms, the religious development of southeast Asia in the late postclassical
stage led to
a. destruction of all manifestation of Indian religion by Muslim conquerors.
b. Mahayana Buddhism displacing Hinayana Buddhism throughout the region.
c. Buddhism replacing Hinduism as the dominant religion.
d. Buddhism dominating mainland southeast Asia and Islam dominating island
southeast Asia.
16. The word "Ghana"
a. is Arabic for "land of gold."
b. means "where the king dwells."
c. refers to the title of the ruler of the kingdom.
d. means "war chief."
17. Distinctive characteristics of west Africa kingdoms that were manifested by the
kingdom of Ghana included
a. election of each king by a democratic council.
b. substantial participation of women in governance.
c. belief that the king represented the gods to the public.
d. inheritance of the throne by a dead king's nephew (instead of son).
18. The west Africa kingdom of Ghana emerged in a region
a. where Bantu people had created agriculture some centuries earlier.
b. of rich gold deposits.
c. of good rainfall and rich soil supporting successful agriculture.
d. linking trade between regions to the south and north of Ghana.
19. The introduction of the Muslim religion into west Africa in the 800s and 900s
a. involved the conversion of ruling elites.
b. integrated west Africa into the Mediterranean world.
c. affected cities much more than the surrounding rural areas.
d. led to the creation of centralized political systems.
20. The introduction of the Muslim religion into west Africa in the 800s and 900s
a. brought the first writing system used south of the Sahara.
b. introduced iron working technology to the Sudan.
c. increased social unity in the Sudan around a common religion.
d. began substantial trade in black slaves taken to the Mediterranean area.
21. The Sudanic empires of Ghana and Mali
a. were quite powerful kingdoms but never reached the status of empires.
b. comprised a core area where people were of the same ethnic group and
peripheral areas of subordinate communities.
c. acquired the cultural unity necessary for the creation of powerful states as a
result of the conversion of the ruling elites to Islam.
d. included the fabled cultural center of Timbuktu.
22. The incorporation of the Sudanic empires of Ghana and Mali into the Mediterranean
commercial system led to an influx into the Mediterranean area of substantial supplies of
a. gold.
b. black slaves.
c. salt.
d. silk.
23. The Swahili Coast (also known as the Zanj) of Africa was the area
a. known for its rich gold supply.
b. known as the land of the Bantu.
c. on the east coast of Africa.
d. of commercial city-states.
24. The word "Swahili"
a. designates a language that is based on Arabic.
b. is Arabic for "coast."
c. designates a language that was brought to east Africa by Indian Ocean traders.
d. designates a language that was based on language of migrants from west
Africa.
25. Common cultural traits of the Swahili area included
a. the non-Orthodox Coptic religion that followed Ethiopia's leadership.
b. the Bantu-based and Arabic-influenced Swahili language.
c. Islam as the dominant religion.
d. an unusual privileged position for women in commercial activity.
26. Which of the following cities were located in the Zanj?
a. Mogadishu
b. Sofala
c. Timbuktu
d. Zimbabwe
27. What was the nature of the trade of the city-states of the Swahili Coast area in the
900-1550 period?
a. Trade was limited to local commerce among the towns and with the hinterlands
lying west of the urbanized coast.
b. The direct trade routes between the Islamic African states of West Africa and
the coast of East Africa conducted commerce between the Zanj and the Atlantic
Ocean.
c. The Islamic regions of south and southeast Asia became natural and frequent
trading partners for the Islamic Zanj.
d. Connections with the Islamic regions of west Asia and the eastern
Mediterranean provided a channel for Zanj products to reach western Europe.
28. "Great Zimbabwe"
a. was located on the east coast of Africa.
b. was the capital of several Bantu monarchs.
c. controlled an extensive empire in the southeast region of Africa.
d. means the "city of stone."
29. Which, if any, of the following African societies were Islamicized during the
postclassical period?
a. Mali.
b. Zimbabwe.
c. Ethiopia.
d. Zanj.
30. How did contact with the Muslim world affect the African slave trade?
a. Because of the Muslim emphasis on equality of all believers, early Muslim
rulers suppressed the slave trade.
b. Slavery was unknown in African society until the Muslims introduced it.
c. With the Muslim commercial penetration to the south, slavery became a more
widely diffused phenomenon and the slave trade developed rapidly.
d. Because Muslims would not enslave other Muslims, the sale of African slaves
to the Muslim world expanded.
31. The traditional form of African slavery
a. was known as jonya.
b. forbade the buying and selling of slaves.
c. was principally a way for the masters to acquire social prestige.
d. resulted from frequent wars among tribes.
32. The new form of slavery that replaced Africa's traditional type
a. resulted from frequent wars among tribes.
b. was introduced by Europeans who needed labor for American plantations.
c. denied to slaves substantial rights that the traditional type had given them.
d. was introduced by Muslims from north Africa.
33. The city of Timbuktu served as an impressive center for
a. political power in Mali.
b. Muslim scholarship.
c. trade in slaves.
d. distribution of literature.
34. The "camel revolution" had great impact on western sub-Saharan Africa because
camels
a. improved the diet of sub-Saharan Africans by adding much-needed protein.
b. made possible regular trade across the wide Saharan desert.
c. could travel long distances faster than earlier pack animals had.
d. could travel long distances with little water.
35. The incorporation of the Sudanic empires of Ghana and Mali into the Mediterranean
commercial system led to an influx into the Mediterranean area of substantial supplies of
a. gold.
b. black slaves.
c. salt.
d. silk.
36. Valuable minerals commonly worked or mined in Africa in the classic age included
a. salt.
b. copper.
c. silver.
d. gold.
37. In Saharan and sub-Saharan Africa in the first millennium A.D. salt was important as
a
a. condiment for spicy foods.
b. kind of money.
c. quite essential part of farmer's diet.
d. trade item as valuable as gold.
38. The ruling elites in Mali were attracted to Islam because of
a. its openness to all converts.
b. the similarity of its monotheism to traditional west African religious beliefs.
c. the commercial benefits of relations with the Muslim world.
d. the prospects of acquiring much gold from the Muslim world.
39. Mansa Musa's celebrated pilgrimage in the 1300s signified that west Africa
a. had converted to Islam.
b. was a promising source for slaves.
c. conducted regular trade with India and China.
d. held enormous supplies of gold.
40. Postclassical societies in Mesoamerica and South America differed from the classical
societies that came before them by their development of
a. ironworking.
b. centralized empires.
c. ruling military classes.
d. writing systems.
Margin Review Questions
1. What lay behind the emergence of Silk Road commerce, and what kept it
going for so many centuries?
2. What made silk such a highly desired commodity across Eurasia?
3. What were the major economic, social, and cultural consequences of Silk
Road commerce?
4. What accounted for the spread of Buddhism along the Silk Roads?
5. What was the impact of disease along the Silk Roads?
6. How did the operation of the Indian Ocean trading network differ from that
of the Silk Roads?
7. What lay behind the flourishing of Indian Ocean commerce in the
postclassical millennium?
8. In what ways did networks of interaction in the Western Hemisphere differ
from those in the Eastern Hemisphere?
9. What was the role of Swahili civilization in the world of Indian Ocean
commerce?
10. What changes did trans-Saharan trade bring to West Africa?
11. What is the relationship between the rise of Srivijaya and the world of
Indian Ocean commerce?
Big Picture Questions
1. What motivated and sustained the long-distance commerce of the Silk
Roads, Sea Roads, and Sand Roads?
2. Why did the Eastern Hemisphere develop long-distance trade more
extensively than did the societies of the Western Hemisphere?
3. In what ways did commercial exchange foster other changes?
4. In what ways was Afro-Eurasia a single interacting zone, and in what
respects was it a vast region of separate cultures and civilizations?