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Research, Veterinary, Field Conservation & Education Directions for the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding January 2009 Areas of Need - Overview Research • • • • Nutrition Genetics Reproduction Veterinary Medicine • • • • Habitat Assessment Population Assessment Global Climate Change Reintroduction Veterinary Medicine Capacity Building Field Conservation Conservation Education and Community Support • Evaluation • Field conservation education assessment, development, evaluation • Community Support Programs Nutrition Research Bamboo supply for captive giant pandas Bamboo is integral to giant panda nutritional needs. Different, even the same institution, provides different bamboo to giant pandas at different times of the year. This is not dependent on giant panda nutritional needs, but on transportation and harvest possibilities. Nutrients are different between different bamboo species. Research on bamboo supply for giant pandas Question: What bamboo supply is sufficient? Whether different bamboo supplies will effect animal health. Objective: To determine the sufficient bamboo supply to meet the nutritional needs of giant pandas Genetic Research - Key Issues Captive population: • Parent Assignment • Gene Retention Survey Wild population: • Genetic Diversity • (A, He, FI, Fst---Ne, m, Dst) (From Jonathan Ballou, et.al.,1996) Genetics Research Ex-situ Conservation — Captive Breeding • • • • The captive population growing fast Unequal founder contribution Increasing mean kinship Uncertain offspring-parent relationship Microsatellite Research Advancement Data Set 14 microsatellite markers have been selected CD05,CD06,CD22,CD29,CD4 0,CD45 (Shen et.al,2005) Gp01,Gp03,Gp08,Gp901 (Zhang et.al.,1995) Ame10, Ame15, Ame21,Ame25 (Lu et.al.,2001) 149 DNA Future Work 大熊猫微卫星标记定位-FISH The locations of microsatellite markers on chromosomes---FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) 迄今为止,我们对大熊猫微卫星标记在染色体上的位置尚 不清楚。微卫星标记之间相互独立是种群遗传分析的必要 条件,这对于正确估计种群参数具有重要意义。 However, we do not have a clear understanding of the locations of microsatellite markers on chromosomes but, the independent distributions of these markers are very important to estimate population parameters in genetic analysis. We would like assistance determining the locations of these markers on chromosomes. Future Work 大熊猫SNP标记的选择 Screen SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) markers SNP标记在种群遗传分析中更为有效。大熊猫基因组测序 计划完成以后,我们就有机会筛选出适宜的SNP标记。并 且在不久的将来,把这些标记用于大熊猫的个体识别和保 护遗传学研究。 SNP markers are more effective markers in population genetics. The successful genome sequencing of the giant panda encouraged us to screen SNP markers as tools for future individual identification and conservation genetics studies. We need to design SNP primers for pandas based on computer simulations. Furthermore, we need to test these primers, and screen good markers for use for population analysis in the future. Research on genetics of ex situ giant pandas Gene retention in the ex situ giant panda population for improved breeding management and health In-situ Conservation Genetic diversity Gene flow Genetic analysis of in situ giant panda populations Qinling Mountains & North Minshan populations Population size, structure and genetic diversity Giant Panda Reproduction Development of means to detect LH (Luteinizing Hormone) from urine samples. Development of means to identify pregnancy and pseudopregnancy Study timing and causes of early embryonic death Giant panda reproductive behavior Compared with earlyweaned cubs, whether through an adopted mother rearing a number of cubs, can this help cubs develop more normal reproductive behavior? • For improved natural breeding in males • Natural breeding and maternal care in females Giant Panda Veterinary Research For disease prevention To provide data to support management adjustments Veterinary Medicine Capacity Building Preventative medicine Geriatric medicine Training on performing thorough physical examinations • Working through a case diagnostically using SOAP: subjective, objective, assessment, plan – using the information for treatment, understanding that context may make treatment different in each case Veterinary Medicine Capacity Building Interpreting blood work Radiographs/ultrasound how to read and incorporate results into a SOAP Parasite monitoring Basic principles in anaesthesiology, pharmacology, surgery, nursing care, the role (and causes of) stress in animals Veterinary Medicine Capacity Building Basic principles of wound management Pain and stress management of patients Veterinary Needs – Stress Management Physiologic and behavioral manifestations of stress Effects of stress on health Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Perhaps in conjunction with UMD and Sichuan Agricultural University UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL AND AVIAN SCIENCES Field Conservation • Habitat Assessment • Population Assessment • Global Climate Change • Reintroduction Giant Panda and Habitat Assessment Post Earthquake Systematic and habitat-wide assessment of giant panda population and habitat postearthquake. May 12, 2008, Sichuan Province May 12, 2008 49 of 63 reserves affected by the earthquake (22 severely) ~53% of panda habitat and 67% of the wild panda population in affected area (Wang, et. al., 2008) To date, we do not know the extent of habitat damage or loss of wild pandas. Post earthquake needs Systematic and habitatwide assessment of wildlife (giant panda) populations and habitat postearthquake Rebuilding of nature reserve infrastructure Training for reserve staff Ecological restoration /corridors - will need a great deal of technical support because no training Eco-friendly livelihoods for local people Needs Increased efforts to stabilize the captive population - the importance of this population most likely even more critical now. Media and educational attention to this crisis and efforts Effects of global climate change on flora & fauna of Sichuan Province Changes in habitat ecology, food resources, animal behavior, animal health, emerging diseases, interspecies dynamics … Projects related to giant panda reintroduction Evaluation of potential reintroduction sites • Genetic relationships among wild giant pandas in a potential reintroduction area • Ecology & zoology of potential reintroduction areas including sympatric wildlife species, food resources and potential nest areas for giant pandas Reintroduction program Wild giant pandas in a potential reintroduction area • Demographics, social dynamics, community structure, population trends, habitat preferences Reintroduction program Behavioral and social conditioning of release candidates Reintroduction program Disease epidemiology in the potential reintroduction site Reintroduction program Prevention of disease transmission among introduced pandas, wild species and domestic animals Reintroduction Training on wildlife tracking Reintroduction program Education and community support for local people around reintroduction site to garner support and protection Introduction to Dujiangyan Research Site Goals of Dujiangyan Site Reproduction and Population Security Base for Giant Pandas Research Base for Giant Panda Reintroduction Rescue and Resettlement Base for Giant Pandas after Earthquake International Conservation Education Demonstration Base Example of Rebuilding and City-Countryside development of Chengdu Current Holding Capabilities Dujiangyan 25 giant pandas in the future. 53 adults at Chengdu Panda Base, old-24, new-29. (~75 is reasonable) But now, 83 individuals. Will be difficult to accommodate all individuals when cubs grow up Wolong? Conservation Education Education is the basis of two of the three main goals of the Panda Base We would like to measure educational success of current programs for impact on biodiversity preservation. Educational Tourism Educational tourism for visitors to the museum, satellite museums, and exhibits Conservation Education Programs & Materials Educational Outreach Giant panda education & resource website Social Science Research, Education, and Community Assistance Programs Social science research coupled with the creation of effective conservation education interventions and community assistance programs to aid in wildlife conservation and reintroduction in Sichuan. Partnership with WWF-China & the North England Zoological Society Community Assistance Programs Need evaluation assistance South China Tiger Zhang Wenping, PhD Thank you!