Download 11 - Torso ver2

frontal (1)
parietal (2)
Bones
temporal (2)
nasal (2)
zygomatic (2)
sphenoid (1)
The Torso
maxilla (2)
mandible (1)
Sphenoid
frontal
parietal
sphenoid
temporal
zygomatic
occipital
maxilla
occipital protuberance
mastoid process
mandible
auditory meatus
other structures
Cervical
Atlas
Axis
Intervertebral Disk
• Sutures
Thoracic
‣ joints between skull bones
• Cranial Cavity
‣ space inside skull bones, houses brain
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Similarities
• body
• spine
• facets to contact (articulate with
vertebrae above)
• transverse process
• vertebral foramen
Cervical
Differences
cervical
- holes in
transverse
process
- facets in
transverse
plane
thoracic
lumbar
- heart
shaped body
- facets on
body for ribs
- facets in
frontal plane
- long spine
- short spine
- large body
- facets in
sagital plane
Thoracic
body
facets for ribs
vertebral foramen
articular process and facets
facets for ribs
transverse process
spine
body
transverse foramen
transverse process
articular process
and facets
vertebral foramen
spine
Lumbar
body
vertebral foramen
transverse process
articular process
and facets
spine
Spinal Column Disorders
Spinal Column Disorders
- excessive curvatures
▪ Scoliosis
▸Frontal plane
▪Lordosis
▸Excessive curves in the
cervical or lumbar regions
▪Kyphosis
▸Thoracic vertebrae
tubercle
head
Manubrium
true ribs
Body
Xiphoid
Process*
false ribs
floating ribs
costal groove
STERNUM
* point of attachment
for ligaments and
muscles of abdominal
wall
shaft
Rib Cage
Acromion Process
Coracoid Process
• ribs #1-7 - attach by hyaline cartilage
Glenoid Fossa
called costal cartilage
Subscapular Fossa
Lateral Boarder
• ribs #8-10 - connect 7th costal cartilage
Medial Boarder
• ribs #11 & 12 - floating ribs
• each ribs articulates with vertebrae
Coracoid Process
Acromion Process
Inferior Angle
Coracoid Process
Acromion Process
Glenoid Fossa
Glenoid Fossa
Lateral Boarder
Infraspinous Fossa
Lateral Boarder
Inferior Angle
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Superior Angle
Supraspinous Fossa
Scapular Spine
Medial Boarder
Sacro-iliac Joint
Iliac Crest
Anterior Superior
Iliac Spine
Ischial
tuberosity
Anterior Inferior
Iliac Spine
Pubic Crest
Acetabulum
Obturator Foramen
Sacrum
Sacro-iliac Joint
Posterior Superior
Iliac Spine
Posterior Inferior
Iliac Spine
Torso Video
Greater Sciatic Notch
Ischial Tuberosity
Lesser Sciatic Notch
coccyx
Obturator
Foramen
Muscles
Naming
Naming Muscles
• Action
• ex. flexor carpi ulnaris
• Direction of fibres
• ex. transversus abdominus
• Location of muscle
• ex. tibialis anterior
• Number of divisions/heads
• ex. biceps brachii
• Shape
• ex. trapezium
• Points of attachment
• ex. sternocleidomastoid
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
Name: Splenius
Origin:
C4 - C7 and
T1- T4 (upper thoracic)
Insertion:
Mastoid process
Function:
together - extend head
one - assist in rotation
Name
Origin
Insertion Function
Application
Principles of Muscle Action
▪ a muscle must cross a joint to act directly on
that joint
▪ how a muscle crosses a joint will affect that
action
▸ ex. behind elbow
➡ extension
▸ ex. in front of elbow ➡ flexion
▪ When a muscle shortens it exerts an equal pull
on its origin and insertion
▸ whichever offers less resistance is the end that
moves
Principles of Muscle Action
Name:
Sternocleidomastoid
▪ cross the cervical intervertebral joints,
therefore moves neck
▪ crosses on posterior side, therefore cause
neck extension
▪ head provides less resistance therefore muscle
moves to spine
Origin:
medial clavicle, manubrium
Insertion:
mastoid process
Function:
together - neck flexion,
one - neck flexion, rotation
THE ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP
Name: Spinalis
(most medial)
Origin:
Cervical and Thoracic
vertebrae
Insertion:
C and T vertebrae
(each section
6 vertebrae above)
Function:
extend spine
laterally flex spine
Name: Iliocostalis
(most lateral)
Origin:
Sacrum,
L vertebrae and ribs
Insertion:
ribs and clavicle
Function:
extend spine
laterally flex spine
* all are DEEP muscles
*both have
capitis,
cervicis &
thoracis
portions
Name: Longissimus
(middle)
Origin:
transverse process of
C, T and L vertebrae
Insertion:
Mastoid process,
C and T
Function:
Extend spine
laterally flex spine
extend head
The six pack
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Name: Rectus abdominis
Origin:
pubic crest
Insertion:
costal cartilages
of ribs 5-7
Function:
flexes trunk
(one side only laterally
flexes trunk)
Name: External Oblique
Origin:
mid line of body, groin hip
inguinal ligament
linea alba
pubis
iliac crest
Inguinal
Ligament
It extends from
the anterior
superior iliac
spine to the
pubic tubercle
in a curved line
which folds
posteriorly.
Insertion:
outer surface of ribs 5-12
Function:
flexes trunk
(one side twists trunk to
opposite side)
Name: Internal Oblique
Origin:
lateral hip
inguinal ligament
iliac crest
lumbar fascia
Insertion:
midline of body
costal cartilages of ribs 8- 10
xiphoid process
linea alba
Function:
flexes trunk
(one side twists
trunk to same side)
Name:
Transverse abdominus
Origin:
lateral ribs and hip
costal cartilage of ribs 6-12
lumbar fascia
iliac crest
inguinal ligament
Insertion:
midline
xiphoid process
linea alba
pubis
Function:
compresses abdomen
Muscles that position the scapula
Name: Trapezius
Origin:
base of skull,
ligament of neck,
spines of C7 to T12
Insertion:
scapular spine,
acromium process,
lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Function:
upwards rotation &
adduction of scapula,
extends neck
Name: Rhomboid
Name: Serratus Anterior
Origin:
lateral surface of ribs 1-9
Insertion:
costal or anterior surface of
medial border of scapula
Function:
abducts scapula,
upward rotation of scapula
Origin:
vertebral spines C7-T5
Insertion:
medial border of scapula
Function:
downward rotation &
adduction of scapula
Name: Pectoralis Minor
Origin:
anterior surface ribs 3-5
Insertion:
coracoid process of scapula
Function:
abducts scapula,
downward rotation of scapula