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You only have to copy down the following definitions as they appear in the PowerPoint. Look at the examples to understand the concepts.: Civil War Revolution Coup D’etat Reform Civil War • Unsuccessful attempt to overthrow an existing government, involving a violent war fought between opposing forces within the same country. – The two sides can receive outside support from other countries. – The conflict may take a long time, and involve periods when the fighting stops. Famous Civil War • • • • 1455-1485 England War of the Roses House of York & House of Lancaster battle for English throne Famous Civil War • 1642-1652 • English Civil War Famous Civil War • 1861-1865 • American Civil War • South was unsuccessful in their attempt to form the Confederate States of America Famous Civil War • 1936-1939 • Spanish Civil War • Spanish Fascists with the help of Italian & German troops defeated the Republican army that included British & American liberals and Russian Communists. Famous Civil War • 1991-2001 • Yugoslavia • Serbs, Croats, and Muslims fought for control of Bosnia • Genocide of Muslims Famous Civil War • 1990-1994 • Rwanda • The Hutu and Tutsi fought for control of the government • Millions were slaughtered in the genocide. Famous Civil War • 2004-present • Iraq • Sunni and Shiite groups fight for control of the country • Kurds and other minorities seek independence. Revolution • Successful attempt to overthrow an existing government, aimed at changing the political and social structures as well as the leadership of a country. – Based on a desire to end perceived wrongs in the country. – The changes made are often based on philosophical ideas . Famous Revolution • 1776 • American Revolution • Declaration of Independence Famous Revolution • 1789 • French Revolution • Liberty,Equality, Fraternity • Declaration of the Rights of Man Famous Revolution • 1804 • Haitian Revolution • Plantation slaves overthrew the French colonial government & declared their freedom & independence. Famous Revolution • 1917 • Russian Revolution • Tsar is deposed by the Provisional Government. • Bolsheviks seized power in a coup. • Civil War broke out. • The Reds defeat the Whites & created the 1st Communist state. Famous Revolution • 1949 • Chinese Revolution • Mao Zedong & the Peoples Liberation Army defeated the Nationalists. Famous Revolution • 1979 • Iranian Revolution • Religious leader Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the Shah of Iran • Created Muslim theocracy. Coup d’etat • Quick, illegal takeover of the government of a country by a small group of conspirators within the country. – – – – Can be violent or non-violent. It’s success depends on speed and surprise. It results in rule by a dictator. It’s often staged by military groups: a military coup. Famous Coup d’etat • 1653 • Oliver Cromwell dissolved Parliament • Became Lord Protector Famous Coup d’etat • 1688 • England • Glorious Revolution • James II overthrown • Replaced by William & Mary Famous Coup d’etat • • • • 1799 France Napoleon 18 de Brumaire Coup • 1804 • Crowned himself Emperor Famous Coup d’etat • • • • 1851 France Louis Napoleon Dissolved parliament • Declared himself Emperor Mexico , Venezuela, & Brazil • • • • • • • • • 1829 1832 1839 1854 1864 1913 1920 1935 1940, failed • • • • • • • 1899 1908 1945 1948 1958 1992, failed 2002, failed • • • • • • • • • • 1823 1840 1889 1891 1930 1937 1938, failed 1955, 1959, failed 1964 Famous Coup d’etat • 1917 • Russia • Bolsheviks seized power during Russian Revolution • Lenin became dictator • Stalin replaced him in 1924 Famous Coup d’etat • 1922 • Italy • Mussolini & his Blackshirts marched on Rome • Became IL Duce Famous Coup d’etat • 1923 • Germany • Hitler is jailed in failed Beer Hall Putch • 1933 he became The Fuhrer Famous Coup d’etat • 1943 • Argentina • Juan Peron seized power • With the help of his wife Eva • Evita Famous Coup d’etat • 1969 • Libya • Omar Qadhafi overthrew monarchy Famous Coup d’etat • 1979 • Iraq • Saddam Hussein Reform • The gradual process of change within the established legal institution, that is aimed at preserving but improving the existing government. – Most reform groups are non-violent, but can turn violent especially when reformers are attacked by their opponents or the government. – Reform movements take several years to make an impact. – Once change is made it is usually permanent. Famous Reform Movement • • • • • • 1838-1848 England Chartist Movement Demanded universal male suffrage Secret Ballot Parliamentary Reforms Famous Reform Movement • Abolition of Slavery • England, 18111830 • United States, 820-1865 • Brazil, 1858-1878 Famous Reform Movement • Suffragettes • Voting Rights for Women • 1848-1925 • England & United States Famous Reform Movement • • • • 1950’s-1970’s Civil Rights Movement Equal rights for African Americans. Also Hispanic, Asian, Native American, Women, etc. • Nonviolent Civil Disobedience