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Alexander the Great
Basileus of Macedon, Hegemon of the Hellenic League, Pharaoh of Egypt, Shahanshah of Persia
Alexander fighting Persian king Darius III. From Alexander Mosaic, from Pompeii, Naples, Naples National Archaeological Museum.
Reign
336-323 BC
Born
July 20, 356 BC
Birthplace
Pella, Macedon
Died
June 10 or June 11, 323 BC (aged 32)
Place of death
Babylon
Predecessor
Philip II
Successor
Consort
Offspring
Alexander IV
Roxana of Bactria
Stateira of Persia
Alexander IV
Father
Philip II of Macedon
Mother
Olympias of Epirus
Early life
leonidas.
苏格拉底
• Alexander was the son of Macedonian King Phillip II. Since his
childhood Homer's heroic poems were favourite books of the heir of
throne. And Alexander considered Achilles, the hero of the Trojan
War, and mythical athlete Hercules as his idols.
•
He was later educated by a strict teacher, Leonidas.Leonidas
focused a lot of Alexander's training on building his physical prowess
and endurance and living a life of a soldier without kingly comforts.
• It was Aristotle who gave Alexander his most famous and important
tutoring. The philosopher from Stageira was the foremost thinker of
the period. A student of Plato, who in turn had been a student of
Socrates, he now extended the illustrious chain by taking on
Alexander as a student of his own.
柏拉图
亚里士多德
Period of conquests
• Unify Greece
• Alexander assumed the kingship of Macedon
following the death of his father Philip II, who had
unified most of the city-states of mainland Greece
under Macedonian hegemony in a federation called
the League of Corinth.After reconfirming
Macedonian rule by quashing a rebellion of southern
Greek city-states.
Period of conquests
• Conquer other countries
• After staging a short but bloody excursion against
Macedon's northern neighbours, Alexander set out
east against the , which he defeated and overthrew.
His conquests included Anatolia, Syria, Phoenicia,
Judea, Gaza, Egypt, Bactria and Mesopotamia, and
he extended the boundaries of his own empire as far
as Punjab, India.
Territory of empire of Alexander
Death
• On the afternoon of June 11, 323 BC, Alexander
died in the palace of Nebuchadrezzar II of
Babylon. He was just one month short of
attaining 33 years of age.
• Alexander died after twelve years of constant
military campaigning, possibly a result of
malaria, poisoning, typhoid fever, viral
encephalitis or the consequences of
alcoholism.
Influence
• Culture
• His legacy and conquests lived on long after him and ushered
in centuries of Greek settlement and cultural influence over
distant areas. This period is known as the Hellenistic period,
which featured a combination of Greek, Middle Eastern and
Indian culture.
• Laterature
• Alexander himself featured prominently in the history and myth
of both Greek and non-Greek cultures. His exploits inspired a
literary tradition in which he appeared as a legendary hero in
the tradition of Achilles.