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Lower Extremity Outline
I.
Surface Anatomy
a. Gluteal region
i. Components
b. Anterior thigh and leg
i. Components
ii. Femoral triangle
c. Posterior leg
i. Popliteal fossa
ii. Achilles tendon
d. Anterior leg bones
i. Tibia
ii. Fibula
II.
Skeletal Composition
a. Function
b. Thigh
i. Femur
ii. Patella
c. Leg
i. Tibia
ii. Fibula
d. Foot
i. Tarsal
ii. Metatarsal
iii. Phalanges
iv. Arches
e. Joints
III.
Muscles
a. Hip and thigh
i. Gluteals
1. Gluteus maximus
2. Gluteus medius
3. Gluteus minimus
ii. Anterior component
1. Quadriceps femoris
a. Rectus femoris
b. Vastus lateralis
c. Vastus medialis
d. Vastus intermedius
2. Sartorius
3. Tensor fasciae latae
4. Iliopsoas
iii. Medial/adductor compartment
1. Adductor longus
2. Adductor brevis
3. Adductor magnus
4. Pectineus
5. Gracilis
iv. Posterior compartment thigh
1. Hamstring
a. Biceps femoris (2 heads)
b. Semitendinosus
c. Semimembranosus
b. Leg
i. Anterior compartment
1. Tibialis anterior
2. Extensor digitorum longus
3. Extensor hallucis longus
ii. Lateral compartment
1. Fibularis (peroneus) longus
2. Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
iii. Posterior compartment
1. Superficial
a. Triceps surae
i. Gastrocnemius (2 heads)
ii. Soleus
b. Plantaris
2. Deep
a. Popliteus
b. Flexor digitorum longus
c. Flexor hallucis longus
d. Tibialis posterior
IV.
Innervation
a. Plexuses
i. Lumbar
1. Femoral nerve
2. Obturator nerve
3. Lateral femoral cutaneous
4. Genitofemoral
ii. Sacral
1. Sciatic
a. Tibial nerve
b. Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
2. Superior gluteal nerve
3. Inferior gluteal nerve
4. Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
5. Pudendal nerve
V.
Vasculature
a. Arteries
i. Common iliac
1. Internal iliac
a. Cranial and Caudal Gluteals
b. Internal Pudendal
c. Obturator
2. External iliac
a. Femoral
i. Deep femoral
1. Medial/lateral femoral circumflex
b. Popliteal
i. Geniculars
ii. Anterior Tibial
iii. Posterior Tibial
b. Veins
i. Deep
1. Plantar
2. Tibial
3. Fibular
4. Popliteal
5. Femoral
6. External/internal iliac
7. Common iliac
a. All empty into inferior vena cava
ii. Superficial
1. Dorsal venous arch
2. Great saphenous
a. Empty into femoral
3. Small saphenous
a. Empty into popliteal