Download Passwords: Science Vocabulary

Passwords
Science Vocabulary
Earth
Science
To the Student
Lithosphere. Condensation. Nebula.
Turn to pages 99 and 100 to learn about
Sometimes it seems that scientists speak
roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Find out how
a language all their own. Passwords:
they can help you understand science
Science Vocabulary will help you learn
words. Soon you’ll be talking and writing
the words you need to do well in science.
just like a scientist!
The lessons in this book are about science
topics you will be studying. Those topics
come from Life Science, Earth Science, and
Physical Science.
Every lesson focuses on ten words that
will help you understand the science topic.
The lessons include a reading selection that
uses all ten vocabulary words. Four practice
activities follow the reading selection. Using
each vocabulary word many times will help
you remember the word and its meaning.
A writing activity ends the lesson. You will
use the vocabulary words you have learned
to write an eyewitness account, a narrative,
an informational article, or a description.
If you need help with a vocabulary word
as you do the activities, use the Glossary
at the back of the book. The Glossary defines
each word and shows you the correct way
to pronounce the word. It also has pictures
to help you understand the meaning of
Developers:
Joan Krensky and Maureen Devine Sotoohi
Product Development and Design:
Chameleon Publishing Services
Written by Barbara Klemetti Mindell
Illustrated by Leslie Alfred McGrath
Photo Credits:
Shutterstock.com: Front cover: Courtesy of NASA;
page 5 Kenneth Sponsler; pages 22, 104 (top right)
Keith Levit; pages 23 (top), 112 Pieter Janssen; page 23
(bottom) Mike Norton; page 29 Erik H. Pronske, M.D.;
page 34 Ismael Montero Verdu; pages 35 (top),
105 Falk Kienas; page 35 (middle) J C Hix, (bottom)
SF Photography; pages 40 (top), 103 (top right)
Studio Araminta; page 40 (bottom) Carsten Medom
Madsen; page 46 Ulrike Hammerich; page 52
Cory Cartwright; page 101 Marco Regalia; page 102
(top left) paul prescott; page 103 (bottom left)
Bryan Busovicki, (middle) Wolfgang Staib, (bottom
right) sgame; page 104 (bottom left) Bronson Chang,
(top right) Tomislav Forgo, (bottom right) Falk Kienas;
page 106 David Watkins; page 107 (left) Ismael
Montero Verdu, (right) William Attard McCarthy;
page 108 Taipan Kid; page 109 Marc Pagani
Photography; page 110 (top right) Vladimir Pomortzeff,
(bottom right) Stephen Inglis
difficult words.
As you work on the lessons, you may
learn other science words besides the
vocabulary words. Keep track of those
other words in My Science Vocabulary
on pages 94–98.
ISBN 978-0-7609-4302-1
©2007—Curriculum Associates, Inc.
North Billerica, MA 01862
No part of this book may be reproduced by any means
without written permission from the publisher.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Passwords: Science Vocabulary - Earth Science—www.curriculumassociates.com—800-225-0248
Table of Contents
Lesson 1:
Earth’s Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Lesson 2:
Earth’s Moving Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Lesson 3:
Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Lesson 4:
Volcanoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Lesson 5:
Changes and Forces in the Rock Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Lesson 6:
Fossils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Lesson 7:
Features of Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Lesson 8:
Protecting Earth’s Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Lesson 9:
Earth’s Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Lesson 10:
Earth’s Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Lesson 11:
The Ocean Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Lesson 12:
Earth’s Changing Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Lesson 13:
Our Solar System and Beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Lesson 14:
Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Lesson 15:
Earth and the Moon in Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
My Science Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Root Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Prefixes and Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Passwords: Science Vocabulary - Earth Science—CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.—www.curriculumassociates.com—800-225-0248
LESSON
12
climate
front
stratus clouds
air pressure
trade winds
air mass
cirrus clouds
cumulus clouds
westerlies
jet stream
Some days are hot and sunny, but others are cool and cloudy.
Why does the weather change? What are some signs of changing
weather? Read this selection to help you predict the weather.
Earth’s Changing Weather
Climate is the average weather of a region over a long period
of time. Weather is what is going on in the air at a given place
and time. Weather changes when a new air mass moves over an
area. An air mass is a huge body of air with the same features
throughout, such as temperature and moisture.
A front is where the edges of two air masses meet. The
approaching front is the leading edge of the air mass that is
moving into the region where the other air mass already is.
This approaching front brings weather changes.
Warm Fronts
A warm front is formed when a warm air mass moves toward
a cold air mass. The air is heavier in a cold air mass than it is in a
warm air mass. The lighter warm air rises slowly above the cold air.
The first clouds to form are wispy cirrus clouds. Cirrus clouds are
high, thin, icy clouds.
Next, stratus clouds
form. Stratus clouds
are layers of low gray
clouds that often bring
Approaching Warm Front
Cirrus cloudss
Warm air
Stratus clouds
Rain
nt
fro
m
r
Wa
Cold air
steady rain.
70
Earth’s Changing Weather
Passwords: Science Vocabulary - Earth Science—CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.—www.curriculumassociates.com—800-225-0248
Cold Fronts
A cold front is formed when a
Approaching Cold Front
heavier cold air mass moves toward a
Cold
fron
t
warm air mass. The heavier cold air
pushes the warm air upward suddenly.
Cumulus clouds
Warm air
Cold air
Large cumulus clouds form. Cumulus
clouds are puffy white clouds that form
low in the air to mid-height. Some
cumulus clouds become thunderclouds
with winds and rain.
Current of air
Polar easterlies
Winds
Westerlies
Air pressure is the force of air pushing down on
Earth. Differences in air pressure cause local winds.
Equat
or
NE trade winds
Warm air has less air pressure than cold air. At Earth’s
SE trade winds
surface, winds blow from areas of high pressure to
Westerlies
areas of low pressure.
Polar easterlies
Above the surface, Earth has six large belts of wind.
The winds in each belt blow in the same direction.
Earth’s six wind belts are caused by
currents of air above Earth’s surface.
Most of North America is in one of the two wind belts
called the westerlies. The westerlies blow from west to
east. Two wind belts called the trade winds are above
and below the equator. Trade winds mostly blow from
east to west.
Winds also blow high above Earth’s surface in a
jet stream, a narrow band with very strong winds
that blow from west to east. One jet stream flows over
North America.
Winter jet stream
Summer jet stream
The position of the jet stream over North
America changes with the seasons.
My Science Vocabulary
Go to page 97 to list other words you have learned
about Earth’s changing weather.
Earth’s Changing Weather
71
Passwords: Science Vocabulary - Earth Science—CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.—www.curriculumassociates.com—800-225-0248
climate
front
stratus clouds
air pressure
trade winds
air mass
cirrus clouds
cumulus clouds
westerlies
jet stream
A.
Fill in the blanks with the correct vocabulary word.
1. a large body of air with the same features throughout
2. one of the two wind belts that blow from west to east
3. layers of low gray clouds that often bring steady rain
4. the average weather of a region over a long period of time
5. the force of air pushing down on Earth
6. one of two wind belts that mostly blow from east to west
7. a narrow band of strong winds high above Earth’s surface that blow
from west to east
8. puffy white clouds that form low in the air to mid-height
9. where the edges of two air masses meet
10. high, thin, icy clouds
72
Earth’s Changing Weather
Passwords: Science Vocabulary - Earth Science—CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.—www.curriculumassociates.com—800-225-0248
climate
front
stratus clouds
air pressure
trade winds
air mass
cirrus clouds
cumulus clouds
westerlies
jet stream
B.
Circle the word that makes sense in each sentence. Then write the word.
1. Weather changes when a new (air mass, air pressure) moves over an area.
2. As a cold front moves toward a warm front, large
(stratus clouds, cumulus clouds) form.
3. Warm air has less (air pressure, climate) than cold air.
4. Rain often falls from low gray (cirrus clouds, stratus clouds).
5. The wind belt over much of North America is the (trade winds, westerlies).
6. High above Earth’s surface, the (front, jet stream) blows strongly
from west to east.
7. In a desert, the (climate, air pressure) is often hot and dry.
8. An approaching warm (front, jet stream) often brings rainy weather.
9. When a warm front pushes toward a cold front, high, thin
(cumulus clouds, cirrus clouds) form.
W
10. Weather near the equator is affected most by the (westerlies, trade winds).
RD ROOT
O
The word stratus in Latin means
“a stretching out.”
Earth’s Changing Weather
73
Passwords: Science Vocabulary - Earth Science—CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.—www.curriculumassociates.com—800-225-0248
climate
front
stratus clouds
air pressure
trade winds
air mass
cirrus clouds
cumulus clouds
westerlies
jet stream
C.
Choose the correct vocabulary word to complete each sentence.
1. The high, thin clouds that appear first when a warm front approaches are
.
cause local winds.
2. Differences in
mostly blow
3. Above and below the equator, the
from east to west.
4. After cirrus clouds form, layers of low
normally
appear next.
5. The type of weather a region usually has is its
.
, the weather
6. When two air masses meet at a
usually changes.
7. In North America, the belt of wind that blows from west to east is the
.
may become thunderclouds.
8. Some large, puffy
9. The narrow band of strong winds blowing west to east high above
.
North America is the
10. A huge body of air with the same temperature, air pressure, and moisture
throughout is an
74
.
Earth’s Changing Weather
Passwords: Science Vocabulary - Earth Science—CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.—www.curriculumassociates.com—800-225-0248
climate
front
stratus clouds
air pressure
trade winds
air mass
cirrus clouds
cumulus clouds
westerlies
jet stream
D.
Use each word in a sentence that shows you understand the meaning of the word.
1. cumulus clouds
2. air mass
3. westerlies
4. stratus clouds
5. climate
6. air pressure
7. jet stream
8. front
9. cirrus clouds
10. trade winds
Write!
Write your response to the prompt on a separate sheet of paper.
Use as many vocabulary words as you can in your writing.
If you could travel far above Earth, watching the winds and weather,
what would you see?
Earth’s Changing Weather
75
Passwords: Science Vocabulary - Earth Science—CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.—www.curriculumassociates.com—800-225-0248