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MAJOR ZOONOSES OF DOGS AND CATS PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION ANIMAL DISEASE HUMAN DISEASE Ehrlichia canis (dogs) tick vector (brown dog tick) thrombocytopenia, anemia Dipylidiasis (Helminth infection of both dogs and cats) Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme disease Campylobacter spp. (dogs) Salmonella spp. ingestion of flea or louse vector pruritus ani Ixodid tick vector inflammatory dermatosis, arthritis, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis gastroenteritis, diarrhea diarrhea gastroenteritis, diarrhea Giardia spp. diarrhea diarrhea, fever, vomiting Rabies fecal-oral, contaminated food or water sources fecal-oral, contaminated food or water sources fecal-oral, contaminated food or water sources animal bite lameness, fever, anorexia, lymphadenopathy diarrhea Cryptosporidium spp. Direct contact (fecal oral transmission) progressive neurologic dysfunction, death Transient diarrhea Dermatophytosis “Ringworm” Cheyletiella spp. Sarcoptes scabei raised circular lesions, hyperkeratosis, alopecia pruritic skin disease pruritic skin disease, erythema, wheal formation orchitis, scrotal dermatitis, generalized lymphadenopathy, abortion Brucellosis (dogs) Pasteurella multocida direct contact with infected animals direct contact direct contact with mite infested animal exposure to aborted fetuses, placental material, urine, or vaginal discharges animal bite progressive neurologic dysfunction, death Transient gastrointestinal function in immunocompetent people, protracted severe diarrhea in the immunocompromised raised circular lesions, hyperkeratosis pruritic skin disease pruritic skin disease, erythema, wheal formation intermittent fever, malaise skin abscesses, arthritis, otitis media headache, myalgia, ocular pain, anemia, gastrointestinal signs, petechiation pruritus ani lymphadenopathy, leptomeningitis, subcutaneous abscesses Yersinia enterocolitica Leptospirosis Toxoplasma gondii Bartonella henselae Cat Scratch Fever fecal-oral direct contact with infected secretions or tissues, animal bites contaminated tissue of fecal contact animal bite or scratch Subclinical infection, mild diarrhea malaise, icterus, nephritis Severe diarrhea malaise, acute nephritis, icterus, hepatitis, uveitis abortions, still births, encephalitis, myositis, birth defects, death subclinical abortions, still births, encephalitis, myositis, birth defects, death lymphadenopathy, fever, malaise, encephalitis, local inflammation and abscessation ALLERGENS OF DOGS AND CATS Cats: Many people keep cats as pets. Therefore, sensitization can and does occur outside the laboratory environment. Furthermore, cat allergies may further predispose those affected to developing allergies to other lab animals. There is a close link between immunological sensitization and the development of asthma in people sensitive to these animals. The major cat allergen is the protein Fel d 1. It is produced by the sebaceous glands of the skin and coats the hair shafts. It is also produced in the saliva. Dogs: Like cats, sensitization to dogs may develop outside of the laboratory. The major dog allergen is Can f 1., but dog albumin has also been identified as anther important allergen. Sources of exposure to dog allergens include saliva hair and skin. References Greene, CE. 1998. Infectious diseases of the dogs and cats. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. Kirk, RW and JD Bonagura. 1992. Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XI. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. Committee on Occupational Health and Safety in Research Animals Facilities, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission of Life Sciences, National Research Council. 1997. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals. National Academic Press, Washington, DC.