Download I - VitaAPPsych

I.
History and Approaches
2-4% of AP Exam
A. Logic, Philosophy and
History of Science
*ST: 2-8, 10-11
Module 1
B. Approaches
1.
Biological
ST: 8-9 Module 1
2.
Behavioral
ST: 8-9 Module 1
3.
Cognitive
ST: 8-9 Module 1
4.
Humanistic
ST: 6 Module 1
5.
Psychodynamic
ST: 8-9 Module 1
6.
Sociocultural
ST: 8-9 Module 1
7.
Evolutionary/
Sociobiological
ST: 8-9, 102-107
Module 1,and
Module 6.10, 6.11,
6.12, 6.13, 6.14
VOCAB I: History (37 terms/names)
----------------------------------------------------1
Psychology
Rene Descartes
Empiricism
Wilhelm Wundt
Structuralism
Introspection
*Gestalt
Functionalist
William James
Mary Whiton Calkins
Margaret Washburn
Humanistic Psychology
Sigmund Freud/Psychoanalysis*
Behaviorists
*John Watson
*BF Skinner
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
Cognitive Psychology
Nature/Nurture
Natural Selection
Level of Analysis
Biospychosocial approach
Neuroscience/Biological
Evolutionary
*Charles Darwin
Behavior Genetics
Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Cognitive
Social-cultural
Psychodynamic
Basic Research
Applied Research
Counseling Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Psychiatry
Vocab used in MOST psychology books
Vocab still important to understand
*Indicates that in this particular module, the term/concept
may not be covered with complete detail. It may appear in
italics. Or it may be covered more completely in another
module or in another resource (e.g. – Barron’s Review).
The term is still significant for this module/exam.
VOCAB II: Research (47 terms, double-sided)
II.
Research Methods
8-10% of AP Exam
A. Experimental,
Correlational and
Clinical Research
--------------------------------------------------------2
Hindsight Bias
Critical thinking
Theory
Hypothesis
Operational Definition
Replication
--------------------------------------------------------3
ST: 19-33, 33-37
Modules 2, 3
ST: 38-41
Module 3
B. Statistics
1.
Descriptive
ST: 41-44
Module 3
2.
Inferential
ST: 44-45
Module 3
Case Study
Survey
False Consensus Effect
*Representative sample (p, 31-32)
Population
Random Sample/Selection
*Social desirability Bias
Naturalistic Observation
*Hawthorne Effect (Mayo)
Correlation
(Positive, Negative)
Scatter plot
*Correlational coefficient or R (chart, p. 33)
Correlation vs. causation
Illusory Correlation
Experiment
Double Blind Study
Placebo Effect
Experimental condition
Control Condition (*control group)
*Confounding/extraneous variables
*Within Group design vs. between group
Random Assignment
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
*Descriptive Statistics
Mode (*one of the measures of central tendency)
Mean (*one of the measures of central tendency)
Median (*one of the measures of central tendency)
Skewed p. 43 (*positive skew, negative skew)
*Normal Distribution (bell curve)
Range
Standard Deviation
Statistical Significance or P
(*Inferential statistics)
*Informed Consent
VOCAB II (continued)
RESEARCH OUTLINE CONTINUED
C. Ethics in Research
ST: 25-26
Module 2
*Frequency Chart (histogram or polygon)
*Ex Post Facto
*Longitudinal study
*Cross-sectional study
*Cohort-sequential study (“cohort” effect)
*APA Ethical Guidelines
*Scales: Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
III.
Biological Bases of
Behavior
8-10% of AP Exam
A. Physiological
Techniques (e.g.,
imaging, surgical)
ST: 64-76
Module 5
B. Neuroanatomy
ST: 64-83
Module 5
C. Functional Organization
of Nervous System
56-60
Module 4
D. Neural Transmission
ST: 50-56
Module 4
E. Endocrine System
ST: 60-61
Module 4
VOCAB III: BIO (72 terms-double sided)
-------------------------------------------------------4
Biopsychology
*Neuroscience
Neuron
*Soma/cell body
Dendrite
Axon
*Receptors
Myelin/myelin sheath
*Nodes of Ranvier
Action potential
Threshold
Synapse
Neurotransmitters
Reuptake
*Terminal Buttons
*Resting Potential
*All or None Law
*Excitatory vs. Inhibitory Signals
Acetylcholine
*Serotonin
*Dopamine
*GABA
*Glutamine
*Norepinephrine
Endorphins
*Agonist
*Antagonist
Blood-brain barrier (psychotropic drugs)
L-dopa
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Sensory Neuron (afferent)
Motor Neuron (efferent)
Interneuron
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Reflex
Endocrine System
Hormones
*Corticoids
*Melatonin
Pituitary Gland
-------------------------------------------------------------------------5
Lesion/*Ablation
*Phineas Gage case study
VOCAB III (continued)------------------------------------5 (CONT.)
BRAIN OUTLINE CONTINUED
F. Genetics
ST: 92-93, 97-101
Module 6, Module 7.1,
7.2, 7.3, 7.4
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
*Computed Tomography Scan (CT)
Brainstem
Medulla
*Pons
Reticular Formation/*RAS-reticular activating
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Limbic System
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
*Hippocampus
Cerebral Cortex
Glial cells
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Motor Cortex
Sensory Cortex
Association Areas
Aphasia
Broca’s area [Paul Broca]
Wernickes’s area [Carl Wernicke]
Plasticity
Corpus Callosum
Split Brain
*Roger Sperry, Michael Gazzaniga
*Forebrain
*Midbrain
*Hindbrain
---------------G. Evolutionary Psychology
ST: 102-107
Module 6.10, 6.11, 6.12,
6.13, 6.14
IX.
Developmental Psychology
7-9% of AP Exam
A. Life-Span Approach
ST: 133, 171, 184-186
Modules 8, 11
B. Research Methods (e.g.,
longitudinal, crosssectional) ST: 178
Module 11
C. Heredity-Environmental
Issues
ST: 92-100, 110-124,
127-129
Modules 6, reference
7.1-7.4; read 7.17
D. Developmental Theories
ST: 142-149, 163-166,
186-187
Module 8, 9
E. Dimensions of
Development
1. Physical
ST: 139-140, 161-162,
171-177
Modules 8, 9, 10, 11
VOCAB IX: DEV. (91 terms- triple sided)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------6
Environment
Behavior Genetics
Chromosomes
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Genes
Genome/*Genotype
*Recessive Gene
Identical Twins (Monozygotic)
Fraternal Twins (Dizygotic)
Temperament
Heritability
Interaction
Molecular genetics
Evolutionary Psychologists
*Charles Darwin
Natural Selection
Mutations
Gender
--------------------------------------------7.2-7.4; 7.13-7.17
Carol Gilligan
X Chromosome
Y Chromosome
Testosterone
Gender Roles
Gender Identity
Gender Typing
Social Learning Theory
Gender Schema Theory
*Androgynous
-------------------------------------------------------8
*Continuity View
*Discontinuity View
Developmental Psychology
Zygote
Embryo
Fetus
Teratogens
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Rooting reflex
Habituation
--------------------------------------------------------9
Maturation
Schema
Assimilation
Accommodation (Piagetian)
DEV. OUTLINE CONTINUED
2.
Cognitive
ST: 141-149, 163, 177181
Modules 9, 10, 11
3.
Social –
ST: 149-157, 166168, 181-186
Modules 9, 10, 11
4. Moral
ST: 164-166
Module 10
F. Sex Roles, Sex
Differences
ST: 121-127
Module 7.2, 7.3, 7.4,
7.13, 7.14, 7.15, 7.16
VOCAB IX (continued)
------------------------------------------------------9
Cognition
Sensorimotor Stage
Object Permanence
Preoperational Stage
Conservation
Egocentrism
*Animistic thinking
*Centration
Theory of mind
Autism
Lev Vygotsky continuity in cognition
Concrete Operational Stage
Formal Operational Stage
Stranger Anxiety
*Contact Comfort
Attachment
*Harlow’s terrycloth
Critical Period
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz
*Mary Ainsworth
Erik Erikson
Basic trust
Self-concept
Parenting styles [Diana Baumrind]
------------------------------------------------------10
Adolescence
Puberty
*Rites of passage
Primary Sex Characteristics
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Menarche
Lawrence Kohlberg
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
Delay Gratification
Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development
Identity
Intimacy
*Imaginary Audience (form of adolescent egocentrism)
*Personal Fable (form of adolescent egocentrism)
------------------------------------------------------11
*Generativity
Menopause
DEV. CONTINUED
Vocab IX (continued)
---------------------------------------------------11 (cont.)
Alzheimer’s disease
Cross-sectional study
Longitudinal study
*Cohort Sequential study
Crystallized vs Fluid Intelligence
Social Clock
*Kubler-Ross’s 5 stages of dying
VOCAB IV: Sensation/Perception (86 terms - double-sided)
III.
Sensation and Perception
6-8% of AP Exam
A. Thresholds & Signal
Detection Theory
ST: 193-197
Module 12
B. Sensory Mechanisms
ST: 204-233
Modules 13, 14, 15
C. Attention
ST: 198-200
Module 12
--------------------------------------------------------12
Sensation
Perception
Bottom-up
Top-down
Psychophysics
Absolute Threshold
Signal Detection Theory
Subliminal
Priming
Difference Threshold
JND (Just Noticeable Difference)
Weber’s Law [Ernst Weber]
*Fechner’s Law [Gustav Fechner]
Sensory Adaptation
Selective Attention
Cocktail Party Phenomenon
Inattentional Blindness
--------------------------------------------------------------13
Transduction
Wavelength
Hue/color
Intensity/brightness
Pupil
Iris
Lens
Accomodation (perceptual)
Retina
Acuity
Nearsightedness, Farsightedness
Rods and Cones
Optic Nerve
Blind Spot
Fovea
*Cornea
*Electromagnetic Spectrum
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel
Feature detectors or signal detector cells
Parallel Processing vs. Serial Processing
Trichromatic Theory (Young-Helmholtz)
Opponent Process theory (color)
Color Constancy
*Afterimages
*Colorblindness
*Dark adaptation
VOCAB IV (continued)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------14
SEN/PERC. OUTLINE
CONTINUED
Audition
Frequency
Pitch/*Timbre
Middle Ear Function
Cochlea
Inner Ear Function
Place Theory
Frequency Theory
Conduction Hearing Loss
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Cochlear implant
*Basilar Membrane
---------------------------------------------------------------------------15
E. Perceptual Processes
ST: 235-262
Modules 16, 17
Gate Control Theory
Taste buds
Sensory Interaction
*Olfaction
*Pheromones
Kinesthesis
Semicircular Canals
Vestibular sense
---------------------------------------------------------------------------16
Visual capture
Gestalt
*Law of Pragnanz (relation to Gestalt/simplicity)
Figure-ground
Grouping
Depth Perception
Gibson’s Visual Cliff
Binocular cues
Retinal Disparity or *binocular disparity
Convergence
Monocular Cues
Phi Phenomenon
Perceptual constancy
*Shape constancy
*Size constancy
*Motion aftereffect
*Motion Parallax
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------17
Perceptual Adaptation
Perceptual Set
Human Factors Psychology
Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
Parapsychology
VOCAB V: Consciousness (43 terms)
------------------------------------------------------------18
V.
States of Consciousness
2-4% of AP Exam
A.
Sleep and Dreaming
ST: 268-283
Module 18
B.
Hypnosis
ST: 286-291
Module 19
C.
Psychoactive Drug
Effects
ST: 292-305
Module 20
Consciousness
*William James’ Stream of Consciousness
Biological Rhythms
Circadian Rhythms
REM Sleep/*Paradoxical
Alpha Waves
Sleep
Stages of NREM sleep
Delta Waves
Hallucinations
Insomnia
Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea
Night Terrors
Dream
Manifest Content (Freud)
Latent Content (Freud)
*Activation Synthesis Hypothesis/dreams
REM rebound
------------------------------------------------------------19
Hypnosis
*Suggestibility
Posthypnotic suggestion
Dissociation
Ernest Hilgard (Hypnosis theory)
------------------------------------------------------------20
Psychoactive Drug
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Physical Dependence
Psychological Dependence
Addiction
Depressants
Barbituates
Opiates
Stimulants
Amphetamines
Methamphetamines
Ecstasy
Hallucinogens
LSD
THC
Near Death
*Meditation
VII. Cognition
8-10% of AP Exam
A. Memory
ST: 345-391
Modules 24, 25, 26, 27,
28
Terms continue next
page
There’s a lot to
“remember” in this unit!
hahaha – in the memory
unit…get it??
VOCAB VII: Memory/Thinking TRIPLE! Sided (104 terms)
-----------------------------------------------------24
Memory
Flashbulb memory
*Episodic memory
Information Processing Model
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Sensory Memory
Short Term Memory (STM)
*George A. Miller and the magic #7
Long Term Memory (LTM)
Working Memory
-----------------------------------------------------25
Atkinson and Schiffrin’s Three Stage
Processing Model of Memory
Automatic Processing
Effortful Processing
Rehearsal
Hermann Ebbinghaus
*Parallel Processing Model
*Maintenance Rehearsal (shallow processing)
*Elaborative Rehearsal (deep processing)
Next- in-Line Effect
Spacing Effect
Serial Position Effect (primacy/recency)
Visual Encoding
Acoustic Encoding
Semantic Encoding
Imagery
Mnemonics
*Method of Loci
*“Peg word” system
Chunking
-------------------------------------------------------26
Iconic Memory
Echoic Memory
*Haptic Memory
*Elizabeth Loftus (eyewitness testimony)
Long Term Potentiation (LTP)
Amnesia
Implicit Memory (or procedural)
Explicit Memory (or declarative)
Hippocampus
COGNITION OUTLINE
CONTINUED
Vocab modules 26, 27, 28 all part of
memory!
B. Language
ST: 412-428
Module 30
Terms next page
C. Thinking
ST: 395-410
Module 29
D. Problem Solving and
Creativity
ST: 398-400, 437-438
Modules 29, 31
VOCABVII (Continued)
-----------------------------------------------26 (continued)
*Retrograde Amnesia
*Anterograde Amnesia
------------------------------------------------27
Recall
Recognition
Relearning
Priming
Déjà vu
State-dependent memory
Mood congruent
--------------------------------------------------------------28
*Decay Theory/Transience
Ebbinghaus forgetting curve
“Tip of the tongue” or “Tip of the
finger” Phenomenon
Proactive Interference
Retroactive interference
*Positive, Negative Transfer
Repression
Misinformation Effect
Source Amnesia
*Encoding Specificity Principle
*Transience
---------------------------------------------------------------29
Cognition
*Metacognition
Concept/*Concept Formation
Prototype
Algorithm
Heuristic
Insight (learning)
Confirmation Bias
Fixation
Mental Set or expectancy theory
Functional Fixedness
Representativeness Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
Overconfidence Bias
Framing
Belief Bias
Belief Perseverance
COGNITION OUTLINE
CONTINUED
Module 30-Language
----------------------
VOCABVII (Continued)
--------------------------------------------------------------30
Language
Noam Chomsky
Phoneme
Morpheme
Grammar
Semantics
Syntax
Babbling stage
One-word, Two Word stages
Telegraphic speech
*overgeneralizing or overregularization
*universal grammar
*language acquisition device
*critical period
B.L. Whorf’s theory of language acquisition
Linguistic relativism (determinism)
Linguistic determinism
Wolfgang Kohler insight study (chimps)
XI.
Testing and Individual
Differences
5-7% of AP Exam
A. Standardization and
Norms
ST: 446-447
Module 32
B. Reliability and Validity
ST: 447-448
Module 32
C. Types of Tests (reevaluate in
personality chapter later)
ST: 442-445, 604-605,
618-622
Modules 32, 45, 46
D. Ethics and Standards in
Testing
ST: 464-465
Module 33
E. Intelligence
ST: 430-466
Modules 31, 32, 33
VOCAB XI: TESTING AND INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES (36 terms)
-----------------------------------------------------------31
Intelligence
Factor analysis
Charles Spearman
General Intelligence or “G” Factor
Savant Syndrome
Howard Gardner
*Robert Sternberg
Triarchic theory of intelligence
Emotional Intelligence
Creativity
Divergent Thinking vs. *Convergent
Speed of processing
----------------------------------------------------32
*Culture Fair test [Raymond Cattell]
Intelligence Test
Mental Age
Stanford-Binet test
Intelligent Quotient (IQ)
*Eugenics (p. 443)
Aptitude Test
Achievement Test
*Flynn Effect
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Lewis Terman
Standardization
Normal Curve
Reliability
Validity
Content Validity
Criterion
Predictive validity
Mental Retardation
Down Syndrome
--------------------------------------------------33
*Crystallized vs. Fluid intelligence
Heritability
Stereotype threat
*Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
X. Personality
5-7% of AP Exam
A. Personality Theories and
Approaches
ST: 597-633
Modules 44, 45, 46
B. Assessment Techniques
ST: 604-605, 613, 618622, 632-633
Modules 44, 45, 46
VOCAB X: Personality (74 terms; double-sided)
------------------------------------------------------44
Personality
Sigmund Freud
*Anna Freud
Free association
Psychoanalysis
Unconscious
Id
Pleasure Principle
Ego
Reality Principle
Superego
Psychosexual Stages
Oedipus complex
Oral stage
Anal stage
Phallic stage
Latency stage
Genital stage
Identification vs. *Internalization (Freud)
Fixation (Freudian)
Defense Mechanisms
Repression
Regression
Reaction Formation
Projection
Rationalization
Displacement (defense mechanism)
*Sublimation
*Transference
Collective Unconscious
*Carl Jung anima/animus
Psychodynamic theories
*Alfred Adler
*Inferiority complex
*Karen Horney
Projective Test
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Terror Management Theory
--------------------------------------------------------45
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic Psychology
VOCAB X (continued)
-------------------------------------------------45 (continued)
Albert Bandura
Self-Actualization
*Self-efficacy
PERSONALITY OUTLINE
CONTINUED
C. Growth and Adjustment
ST: 155-156, 613,
633-638
Module 9.11 and
Modules 45, 46
--------------------------------------------------------------46
Carl Rogers
Unconditional Positive Regard
Self-concept
*Gordon Allport’s personality trait theory
Trait
*Carl Jung – archetype
Myers-Briggs Personality Test
Hans Eysenck’s Personality Assessment
*introversion
*extroversion
Temperament (refer back to module 6.6)
Jerome Kagan
Personality Inventory
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI)
Empirically Derived Test
Big Five Personality Theory
[Paul Costa, Robert McCrae]
Walter Mischel
Social Cognitive Perspective
Reciprocal Determinism
Personal control
External Locus of Control
Internal Locus of Control
Learned Helplessness
Positive Psychology
Spotlight effect
Self-esteem
Self-serving Bias
*Cattell’s Personality Assessment
(16 Personality Factors)
*Nomothetic and Idiographic
Methodology
*High and Low Self Monitor
VOCAB VI: Learning (69 terms, double-sided)-----------21
VI.
Learning
7-9% of AP Exam
A. Classical Conditioning
ST: 312-320
Module 21
B. Operant Conditioning
ST: 323-336
Module 22
C. Cognitive Processes
ST: 317, 331-332
Modules 21, 22
D. Biological Factors
ST: 317-319, 332-333,
338
Modules 21, 22, 23
Associative Learning
Classical Conditioning
Learning
John Locke (p. 250, 309)
Behaviorism
Ivan Pavlov
*Reflex
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Acquisition
*Delayed Conditioning
*Trace Conditioning
*Simultaneous Conditioning
*Backward conditioning
*Higher Order Conditioning
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Spontaneous Recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
Robert Rescorla
Cognitive processes
John Garcia
*Aversive conditioning/therapy (taste aversion)
Biological predispositions
*Systematic Desensitization
John Watson
-------------------------------------------------------22
Operant Conditioning
Respondent behavior
Operant behavior
B.F. Skinner
E.L. Thorndike
Law of Effect
Operant chamber
Shaping/*chaining
*Discriminative Stimulus
Reinforcer/reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Primary Reinforcer
Secondary Reinforcer (conditioned)
Continuous Reinforcement
LEARNING OUTLINE
CONTINUED
E. Social Learning
ST: 338-343
Module 23
VOCAB VI (continued)
-----------------------------------------22 (continued)
Partial (intermittent) reinforcement
*Successive Approximations
*Shaping
*Extinction (in operant conditioning)
*Schedules of Reinforcement
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
*Premack principle
Punishment
*Omission Training (Negative Punishment)
*Escape and Avoidance Responses
Cognitive Map
Latent Learning
*Edward Tolman
Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
*Learned helplessness vs. coping
----------------------------------------------------------23
Observational Learning
*Albert Bandura
Modeling
Mirror Neurons
Prosocial Behavior
*Biofeedback (to change behavior)
*Self-control
VIII. Motivation and Emotion
6-8% of AP Exam
A. Biological Bases
ST: 470-471
Module 34
B. Theories of Motivation
ST: 471-473
Module 34
C. Hunger, Thirst, Sex and
Pain [Primary Motives]
ST: 474-494
Module 35,
**Module 36
D. Social Motives
[Secondary Motives]
ST: 495-511
**Module 36
VOCAB VIII: Motivation, Emo (75 terms; double-sided) ---34
Motivation
Instinct
*Drive
Drive-Reduction Theory (push)
*Secondary Drive
Homeostasis (pull theory)
Incentive Motivation
Arousal theory [optimum]
Hierarchy of needs
*Overjustification effect
*Need for achievement (in Ach) – p. 505, 506
*Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
*Aggression (refer to Module 7.12)
--------------------------------------------------35
Glucose
Set Point
Basal Metabolic Rate
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
*Serotonin
*Lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus
*Approach-Approach Conflict
*Approach-avoidance conflict
*Avoidance-avoidance conflict
*Multiple Approach-Avoidance conflict
------------------------------------------------------36
**IF YOUR GUARDIAN/PARENT WISHES FOR YOU TO OPT OUT OF MOD.
36,ALTERNATE TERMS PROVIDED in MOD 37
*Alfred Kinsey
Sexual Response Cycle
Refractory Period
Sexual Disorder
Estrogen
Testosterone
Sexual Orientation
-------------------------------------------------------37
Flow
Industrial-organizational Psychology
Personnel Psychology
Organizational Psychology
Structured Interviews
Achievement Motivation
Task Leadership
Social Leadership
VOCAB VIII (continued)
----------------------------------------------------------------38
MOTIVATION, EMO CONTINUED
E. Theories of Emotion
ST: 513-545
Modules 38, 39, 40
F. Stress
ST: 549-594
Module 41, 42, 43
Emotion
James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Two-Factor Theory (Schachter)
Robert Zajonc
Opponent-Process Theory (of emotion)
Relationship btwn. Arousal, performance
*(Yerkes-Dodson Law) or *inverted U
*Contemporary Model
Polygraph
*Galvanic Skin Response (GRS)
*Aggression
---------------------------------------------------------------39
Nonverbal communication/body language
Paul Eckman: Emotional expression
Facial Feedback Theory
Behavior Feedback Theory
Culture
---------------------------------------------------------------40
Catharsis
Feel-good, do good phenomenon
Subjective Well-being
Adaption-level Phenomenon
*Social Comparison Theory
Relative Deprivation
---------------------------------------------------------------41
Stress
Flight or Fight
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
*Hans Selye
Coronary Heart Disease
Type A Behavior Pattern
Type B behavior Pattern
Psychophysiological Illness
Lymphocytes
------------------------------------------------------------42, 43
Cope
Problem-focued coping
Emotion-focused strategy
Aerobic exercise
Biofeedback (as it relates to stress)
VOCAB XII: Disorders (67 terms, double-sided)
-------------------------------------------------------------47
XII. Abnormal Psychology
7-9% of AP Exam
A. Definitions of
Abnormality
ST: 642-644
Module 47
B. Theories of
Psychopathology
ST: 644-645
Module 47
C. Diagnosis of
Psychopathology
ST: 646-652
Module 47
D. Types of Disorders
1.
Anxiety Disorders
ST: 654-660
Module 48
2.
Somatoform
Disorders
See other
resource/review
book
Psychological Disorders
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD)
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Medical Model
*Diathesis stress model
DSM-IV
5-Axes (multiaxial Diagnosis)
*Comorbidity
*Psychiatry
*Psychology
David Rosenhan
*Criteria for determining disordered behavior
*Neurosis
*Psychosis
-------------------------------------------------------------48
Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
*Panic Attacks
Phobia
*Specific Phobia
*Social Phobia
*Agoraphobia
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
*Somatoform Disorders
*Conversion Disorder
*Hypochondriasis
---------------------------------------------------------------49
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Identity Disorder
*Dissociative Amnesia
*Dissociative Fugue
Personality Disorders
*Avoidant Personality Disorder
*Schizod Personality disorder
*Histrionic Personality disorder
*Narcissistic Personality Disorder
*Borderline Personality Disorder
*Dependent Personality Disorder
VOCAB XII (continued)
---------------------------------------------------------50
ABNORMAL PSYCH OUTLINE
CONTINUED
3. Mood Disorders
ST: 667-676
Module50
4.
Schizophrenic
Disorders
ST: 669-676
Module 51
5. Organic
Disorders
See another
resource
6. Personality
Disorders
ST: 664-666
Module 49
7. Dissociative
Disorders
ST: 662-663
Module 49
Mood Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
Dysthymia
*Cyclothymia
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Mania
Bipolar
*Learned Helplessness theory to
depression
*Optimistic explanatory style
*Seasonal Pattern Specifier (SAD)
---------------------------------------------------------51
Schizophrenia
Delusions
Hallucinations
Flat Affect
Catatonia
Paranoid Schizophrenic
Disorganized Schizophrenic
Catatonic Schizophrenic
Undifferentiated Schizophrenic
Residual Schizophrenia
Dopamine Hypothesis
*Word Salad
*Positive, Negative Symptoms (in mental
disorders)
*Delusions of Grandeur
*Persecutional Delusions
*Echolalia
*Echophraxia
XIII. Treatment of Psychological
Disorders
5-7% of AP Exam
A. Treatment Approaches
1.
Psychodynamic
ST: 688-691
Module 52
2. Humanistic
approaches
ST: 691-692
Module 52
3.
Behavioral
approaches
ST: 693-696
Module 52
4.
Cognitive
approaches
ST: 696-699
Module 52
VOCAB XIII: Therapy (57 terms, double-sided)
-----------------------------------------------------------52
Psychotherapy
Eclectic Approach/integration
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Free Association
Resistance
Interpret
Transferring
Psychodynamic therapists
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Humanistic Therapies
Carl Rogers
Client-centered therapy
Non-directive therapy
Active Listening
*Unconditional Positive Regard
Behavior Therapy
Counterconditioning
Exposure Therapy
Mary Cover Jones
Systematic Desensitization [*Joseph Wolpe]
Virtual Reality Exposure therapy
Aversive Conditioning
BF Skinner
Token Economy
Cognitive Therapy
Aaron Beck
Martin Seligman
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Group/Family Therapy
*Therapeutic Community
*Deinstitutionalization
*Community Mental Health Movement
*Psychometrics (Appendix A, A-7)
THERAPY OUTLINE CONTINUED
5. Biological
approaches
(psychopharmacol
ogy/
psychosurgery)
ST: 715-722
Module 54
B. Modes of Therapy (e.g.,
individual, group)
ST: 699-700
Module 52
C. Community and
Preventative Approaches
ST: 712-713
Module 53
VOCAB XIII (Continued)
----------------------------------------------------------53
Psychotherapy
Meta-analysis
EMDR
Efficacy (treatment)
Albert Ellis
*Rational-emotive Therapy (REBT)
Biopsychosocial approach to therapy
----------------------------------------------------54
Biomedical therapy
Psychopharmacology
Tardive Dyskinesia
*Thorazine
Antianxiety Drugs
Antidepressant Drugs
*MAO Inhibitors
*Tricyclics (TCA)
*Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Mood Stabilizing Drugs
Lithium/*Carbonate/*bicarbonate
Antipsychotic Drugs or neuroleptics
*Librium
Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy (ECT)
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
(TMS)
Psychosurgery
Lobotomy
XIV. Social Psychology
8-10% of AP Exam
A. Group Dynamics
ST: 741-744
Module 56
B. Attribution Processes
ST: 726-728
Module 55
C. Interpersonal Perception
ST: 747-753, 765-777
Modules 57, 58
D. Conformity, Compliance,
Obedience
ST: 734-744
Module 56
E. Attitudes and Attitude
Change
ST: 729-733
Module 55
VOCAB XIV: Soc. Psych.(79 terms, double-sided)--------55
Social Psychology
Attribution Theory
*Dispositional
*Situational
Fundamental Attribution Error
Attitudes
Foot in the door Phenomenon
*Door in the face
*Low Ball technique
*Central Route vs. Peripheral
route to persuasion
Role-playing
Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
[Leon Festinger]
-----------------------------------------------------------56
Chameleon Effect
Conformity
Solomon Asch
Asch’s Conformity Study
Normative Social Influence/Pressure
Informational Social Influence
Stanley Milgram’s study
Obedience
Social Facilitation (*vs. social impairment)
Social Loafing
Deindividuation
Group Polarization
Groupthink
*Risky Shift Phenomenon
Social Control
Personal Control
Minority Influence
*Self-serving Bias
-------------------------------------------------------------57
Prejudice
Stereotype
Discrimination (Social Behavior)
Implicit Prejudice
Patronization
*Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Ingroup
Outgroup
SOC PSYCH OUTLINE
CONTINUED
F. Organizational Behavior
ST: 499-510
Refer back to Module 37
G. Aggression/Antisocial
Behavior
ST: 753-762
Module 57
H. Cultural Influences
ST: 114-120
Module 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8,
7.9, 7.10
VOCAB XIV (Continued)
----------------------------------------------57 (continued)
Ingroup Bias
*Outgroup homogeneity bias
Scapegoat theory
Just-World Phenomenon
Aggression
Frustration-Aggression Principle
Social Scripts
Catharsis hypothesis
Conflict
Social Traps
*Win-Lose Orientation
*Win-win orientation
Mirror-image Perceptions
-------------------------------------------------------58
Mere Exposure Effect (Zajonc)
Physical Attractiveness
Symmetry
*Principle of Proximity
Reward theory of attraction
Passionate Love
Companionate Love
Equity theory of relationships
Self-disclosure
*Carol Gilligan Gender Roles
Altruism
Bystander Effect
*Diffusion of Responsibility
Social Exchange Theory
Reciprocity Norm
Social Responsibility Norm
Muzafer Sherif
*Contact Hypothesis
Superordinate Goals
GRIT
*Prisoner Game
*Halo Effect
---------------------------------------------------------7.5-7.10
Culture
Personal Space
Individualistic
Collectivistic
*Ethnocentrism