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Day 1&2
SCH4U
Organic Chemistry
Part I
1. Draw Condensed structures for the following structural diagrams
Structural diagram
Condensed structure
Pat II:
Fill in the missing information I the table below.
Structural diagram
Condensed structure
CH3-CH2-CC-CH2-CH3
CH2=CH2
1
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CHCH
Appendix A
Root names for organic compounds
Number of
Carbon
atoms
Root
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-meth-
-eth-
-prop-
-but-
-pent-
-hex-
-hept-
-oct-
-non-
-dec-
Suffixes for organic compounds
Type of
compound
Functional group
Suffix
Example
Alkane
None
-ane
Propane
Alkene
-C=C-
-ene
2-Pentene
Alkyne
-C≡C-
-yne
3-Hexyne
Alcohol
-OH
-ol
3-Pentanol
2
Ether
-C-O-C-
-oxy
Methoxy ethane
Alkyl halide
-Cl, -Br, -F, -I
-chloro,-bromo
2-chloro propane
Aldehyde
-C=O
-al
Butanal
Ketone
-C=O
-one
2-butanone
Carboxylic acid
-COOH
-oic acid
Butanoic acid
Ester
-COO-
-oate
Methyl propanoate
Amine
-NH2
-amine
Propanamine
Amide
-CONH2
-amide
Propanamide
Branches:
-CH3 Methyl
-CH2-CH3 Ethyl
-CH2-CH2-CH3 Propyl
Naming of Hydrocarbons using IUPAC system
Have Appendix A handy to write IUPAC Names
1. Find suffix (what type of hydrocarbon it is)
2. Find root word (The number of carbons in main chain)
3. Find prefix (branch if there is any)
Put your answer in the following format
Prefix-root-suffix
Examples:
1. CH3-CH2-CH3
Suffix: ane
Root: Prop
Prefix: None
So the name is Prop+ane=Propane
2. CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH3
3
Suffix: ene
Root: Pent
Prefix: None
So the name should be Pentene, but we need to indicate the position of the double bond
The name is 2-pentene (Rule: when carbons are given numbering, = bond should get the least number
possible. If you go right to left = bond gets a number of 3 and if you number from right to left = bond
gets a number of 2)
3.
In the above hydrocarbon we have a branch. (Refer to appendix A for name of the branches)
The name will be 2-methyl butane
4.
CH3
CH3
|
|
CH3CH2CHCH2CH=CCH3
Ans: 2,5-dimethyl 2-heptene
( Numbering should begin from right, double bond position should be stated in the name)
5.
Name: cyclohexane
( cyclo, because it is a closed ring)
4
IUPAC naming of alkanes
Propane
Suffix: -ane
CH3-CH2-CH3
Butane
Hexane
2-methyl butane
3-methyl hexane
3-ethyl hexane
3-ethyl 2-methyl heptane
2,3-dimethyl hexane
IUPAC Naming of Cycloalkanes
Cycloalkanes are types of hydrocarbon compounds that have one or more rings of carbon
atoms in the chemical structure of their molecules.
Examples:
Cyclopropane
Cyclobutane
Cyclopentane
Cyclohexane
5
Methyl cyclohexane
Methylcyclopentane
1,2-dimethyl cyclohexane
Condensed structure
suffix
Root
prefix
IUPAC Name
CH3-CH3
-
CH2=CH-CH3
-
CH3-CH2-CH2-CC-CH3
-
CHCH
-
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
-
CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3
-
Pat II:
Fill in the missing name or structure for the following hydrocarbons
Condensed structure
CH3-CH2-CC-CH2-CH3
IUPAC Name
2-methyl pentane
Cyclopropane
6
1,2- dimethylcyclohexane
CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH3
CH4
4-methyl-2-pentyne
Naming of Aromatic compounds
An aromatic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon with alternating double and single bonds between carbon
atoms. The name was derived from the fact that many of the compounds have a sweet scent (aroma).
All aromatic compounds have a benzene central ring with formula C6H6
IUPAC Naming
The suffix for aromatic hydrocarbons is benzene.
Examples:
7
Name the following aromatic hydrocarbons:
8
Questions:
Draw a structural diagram for each aromatic compound.
(a) 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene
(b) 2-ethyl-1,4-dimethylbenzene
(c) 1,4-dichlorobenzene
3. Alcohols
Functional group: -OH
Suffix: “ol”
Eg: CH3- CH2 -CH2 -CH2-OH
Name: 1-Butanol
Fill in the missing info.
1
Structural formula
CH3-CH2 –OH
2
CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
Name
3
4
5
Methanol
6
2,2-butanediol
7
3-ethyl-4-methyl-1-octanol
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2,4-dimethyl-1-cyclopentanol
Types of alcohols: Depending on the position of the hydroxyl group, an alcohol
can be primary, secondary, or tertiary.
9
4. Ethers
Functional group: -OSuffix: oxy
Example:
Methoxy ethane
Name /draw the following molecules
Structure
IUPAC Name
1
2
3
Propoxypropane
4
Methoxy methane
5. Alkyl Halides
Functional group: F, Cl, Br, I
Suffix: fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo
Example: CH3-CH3-CH2-F
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Name: 1-fluoropropane
Structure
1
IUPAC Name
Bromoethane
2
3
6,7. Aldehydes and ketones
Example:
Butanal
3-Octanone
Draw a condensed structural diagram for each aldehyde o r ketone.
(a) 2-propylpentanal
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(b) cyclohexanone
(c) 4-ethyl-3,5-dimethyloctanal
8. Carboxylic acids
Functional group: COOH
Suffix:
-oic acid
Examples:
Draw a condensed structural diagram for each carboxylic acid.
(a) hexanoic acid
(b) 3-propyloctanoic acid
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9. Esters:
An ester is an organic compound that has the following functional group:
Example:
ethyl butanoate
Name each ester.
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10. Amines and amides
Amines: -NH2
Amides: CONH2
Name each amide.
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