Download WA CP Chem Chapt 3 Note Key

eF ChemistnY 2CI13-?CI3'4
ehaPter 3 f{otes
Nanne:
Kr'(
imPortant Vocab
Lavosier
proportions
Millikan
.Law of def
JJ Thomson
Rutherford
Law of multiple ProP Dalton
alpha particles
Bohr model of atom Plum pudding
Atomic number
Oil drop experiment Nucleus.
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
Atomic mass unit
lsotopes
Democritus
Atoms
Section3-L
Actualscience began
around:
what
Tr,rrliV)
Cathode ray experiment
Bohr
Gold foil experiment
Mass number
Atomic mass
,a _l
/ -lO0'5 OR S O
rhe first person to mention idea of an atom
Atomos means:
Law of conservation of mass
*^rt
D? m 0
C
d/us
(/^c;Et I
rrzce)
?oo OcE
{rlLL
has happened over the years to the idea of the atom and why:
l,ny y;; /^';J ?oo 6cE
atoms?:
W\X J, 'ilt Ea,*-e- SknqA /eor/
V
'u /doo '4D
What evidenie do we have that matter is made of
*k tat+ way T
Antoine Lavoisier: father of Modern Chemistry?
'
Lqu of (ortsaa*/in af $ott
b. ln'erovrro/ 6 h* al 0.
a. Cruak4
c
6
C
r.eaka
d Dt p**4
lt /al
4"4a4a--
PH"g,q* y'|ron4
a
# Co*rJuulalt
.
:r,f/ra'ts
('
Law of conservation of mass-en
"rrr,
Ex:
Jk omt of /te[s -rt4l6 fi ,tk
ft
,f uooD
Aod
"oa.f
Co*t6u,*
Lnr't*rcs<
tbtt,.
1
Law of definite proportions:
Ex:
tlernorlo
i a' 6*f Dunl
(o*rl
:/*y"
#*e6'4b.
tro<
i
o.
6!"Ys B0-l'/
Lawormurtipre ,,.h?^,,"
o o^/ //./ ./ // a7^oca
dana €/e*aft Qom!;n.
rt z oR *(*.
n
^
v^fu
tr/. */t Ur,* €/cn e&.
L803 Dalton's original atomic theory
a'
n4o4<a
b' /4^s
c'
d
,!
rnao/c
tf th
AJ"^t t;
flJt-,
of /Lnc,
ou h,,c
A ap€_ h
"/ti,,r,I(* ,
(dft,c t le^+.,L a*? /oo ./ ,./e.,rlzJ.
Cle*^ tQxUs da e
lrC't alonq
con,blo;
ri
nol C lq^ ?r/
I
Clqoh, l*IoL
,,n Jn
* teaz*oc -1, $na
Co*ycortn/t.
Dalton's modelof the atom:
SOLia $"heze No t"L 6/"ybt<
t
How has the originaltheory been modified? Why?
f?c4hcl2 g
q) A-t*,
4* cliulc:oL ( rrg a*,n,y pu*'ebg)
b) 4t*. # q*, ghnenl Cq,n bz c(;k".+.
I fuo-t"p,e)
Section 3-2
JJ
Thornson 1897
The experimental
s looked [ike:
ltoi
Cu
Thomson was able to:
Dltcow\
b. . creqd
c
f *, h//,/ /" )
- /t+ €4a*ntc fh+'.|*
-
a.
1,1.
eleclroa
k)
zd po,leL cF A4r,n +
J*" o{en- cL,a,-:o $ Mqrs podto
P/,r^" tr"t,l;U
re*,k
q"9} nV\lz<'
*
Robert Millikan 1909
The experimental apparatus looked like:
7 4ays uQo h
,7i,.- oiL DnF n
u Sl,'fly' ,rf . ,lrT,
Millikah was able to:
a ft'l e har # ef
b E,n.l /trtats o{ e -
/.6 rrotec
e -- Cou/ntnl
?,./tS1p-"g
Ernest Ruther-ford 1911
What did the experimental apparatus look like?
fl
&.
tr,<ee
/
4u fr'L
R."J; nh'on .r^tl
c\ -l^ C l,a.
T
.
The observations from the gold foil experiment are:
lh
a.- It
otl o { N lq/ ,vo "le/Lcrl'o4t
v. fia
a
Dt
u
h*t, aet/e.kO
Aorl' drw /e{Etan.
Sl,'?
The results from the gold foil experimen(are:
filo^t oR. 11 '/.
€nyfi,tpec.
"f*++
o
rt*-t how
r-t,rcl€vs,
"!^*1 f
us?
lalz ?v*y is ??'/.- grrrg I
@- !
what does this mean to
What are some a nalogies that h-elp us to understand the siz{fif thL atom:
d.
b'.
b.rlcthox
(niarn)
alo*rr layt-
yo
olr'r' Dn oeta
aF lx,{1^
What
-
is
the
wct< t'
we/flht e.s6;/lidkrs
how big are atoms?
no*hbrso'
{
u--
/oorora)\ooCqahms
b
nucleus?
/e^.
I
A ,lrn*, Prt{j,rt. cealq- Js A+"
YzJ;,'n'lx'"L
The three basic subatomic particles
Name
Where it is located
f&u
Avck ut
*;h
t leclooil
o
N(,Vlesal
nvdev!
Section 3-3
Z
Atomic number:
,
Ex:
ntrc.
/,a t,eii,,;;! ;i "
,#q nx,fsi - r
/^ L(+*16'7
relative mass
Actual mass (g)
,
relative
?.
L pn*u.t t"
A/a zsrr
hat ll
(u)
prcJ>tl
nv"lcu!
of
'4-\r*
charge
Actual charge
(C)
/.Z"i,i'"'rtc
/,0 xr r-"
o
c
n
,
Mass
pe uJ'ong
+
pn*as
#
+
l"+"1
t/O,
zoCx e0f+zon=4D 'fru4o
number:
Ex:
/rf SnrN D{ +lL tar* tkr,*,t "ll a l,f d tf
Ex:chrorine,{clanl'?{a2fst)orys'
rsotopes:
Oet*v,.
Ex: Hydrogen
JzJAtrc
?il
itl
,'il
*.
I qtb
s60., tr|
-,rri6
t'1if c t
"?/zDV
*t'
Nuclear svmbols:
Ex:
AJoa'?'
lilaJS
A^
How do we deteimine the number of protons, electrons and neu$ons are in an atom?:
b' fi€ulns = A -2
cL
fn-toats =/r**,c
d t{- eAo"yl
c.
E luc4eil{
- g . PnJt urs
^
nlo*^L
t:;!h"fuo=,f*o*_pn+,ils
Fill in the following table (check projector for filled in informatiofrJ
Name
TJ,.
Symbol
Atomic #
Mass #
tl
zg
la
lt
No-
n
z3
ZL
ID
lteoal
Na
No
l;Jx;,*
L;
'x[oru
fa-
'.il;,,-,
3*6y'r'*^
o
t
u
8
9
/lluu
Un
ID
3
e6
z0
zz
g
s6
#
protons
+
#
f
Charge
neutrons
electrons
lz
tl
II
/z
ll
t0
,l
/+
2+
lo
lo
0
IA
3
/z
l0
tl
e
ll
ll
e6
s
3o
es
o
t-
/+
3+
How does one calculate the average atomic mass (or atomic mass)?
T"ke tL"
Ex:
c
I-37
)
weighted average
,T
{g of (,naa]glel lbuldna.\ {oR €och o*/*.
o Slen+rL t
a. Chlorine
Jb,jus?ou 2'l->3'1,
cl -tt 3l,gbLlr, +s'*'/'
36.t 6tlo 0.2+zl
r
s4.?tg|t(0.?s*)
@c
a, lg'l
X-loz lozu, 2)'/.
( - tgi I oE q, +"'1.
/,
- ,00
g
100
/oo(o.tt)
toz (o.z) ,
to;.
How is this different from a nor,mal average?
Ex: test scores
/*l
T