Download BY 124 SI 10/06/15 Why were Phylum Nematoda and Phylum

Figure 33.UN06a
Figure 33.UN06b
BY 124 SI 10/06/15
Why were Phylum Nematoda and Phylum Arthropoda recently classified into a clade called
Ecdysozoa?
They both undergo ecdysis which is the molting of their exoskeletons
Phylum Nematoda are also known as the ______________. They do/do not have a circulatory
system. They are unsegmented and are ____________________, meaning they have a false
coelom.
Roundworms, pseudocoelomates
T/F Juveniles of parasitic nematodes (specifically Trichinella) can be found encysted in fat
tissue of pork or humans.
Phylum Arthropoda’s characteristics consist of a segmented/non-segmented body,
soft/hard exoskeleton, and unjointed/jointed appendages. The five modified functions for
these appendages include __________, ____________, ___________ _____________, _______________, and
__________. Arthropods do/do not have eyes and ____________ that help with touch and smell.
Arthropods have a(n) ___________ circulatory system, which is characterized by having the
organs bathed in a body fluid called hemolymph. ______________ are characteristic cells that
help with immunity. Hemolymph is pumped through __________. Anthropoda has the most
species of any phylum!
Walking, feeding, sensory reception, reproduction, and defense; antennae; open;
hemocytes; sinuses
What are the discussed classes of Phylum Arthropoda?
Chelicerates (spiders, ticks, mites, sea spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs), Myriapods
(centipedes and millipedes), hexapods (insects), and crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, shrimps,
barnacles)
Class Chelicerate are called this because of characteristic claw-like feeding appendages
they have called ______________. These can be modified (scorpion vs. spider). Arachnids are a
type of chelicerate. They possess _______ lungs in order to respire.
Chelicerae; book
Class Myriapoda are non-terrestrial/terrestrial and have jaw-like mandibles. Lab book
differentiates centipedes and millipedes.
Class Hexapoda has more species than all other forms of life combined. Insects’ excretory
systems are made up of _________________ tubules. They respire through ______________ __________.
Malpighian, tracheal tubes
What’s the difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis?
complete metamorphosis – egg turns into larva which has to go throw a pupa stage to
become an adult
incomplete metamorphosis – egg turns into nymph which is just a miniature adult
Two orders of Class Crustacea include ___________ and ______________.
Isopods (rolly polly) and decapods (large crustaceans like lobster, crab, shrimp)
The two Phylum of Deuterostomia are _____________ and _______________. Echinoderms include
the Asteroidea , Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, and Holothuroidea. They have tube
feet, water vascular systems, and endoskeletons. They can show asexual reproduction and
regeneration.
Echinodermata
and chordata
Figure 34.2
Echinodermata
Chordates
Cephalochordata
ANCESTRAL
DEUTEROSTOME
Urochordata
Notochord
Craniates
Vertebrates
Gnathostomes
Osteichthyans
Lobe-fins
Myxini
Common
ancestor of
chordates
Head
Petromyzontida
Chondrichthyes
Vertebral column
Actinopterygii
Jaws, mineralized skeleton
Actinistia
Lungs or lung derivatives
Dipnoi
Lobed fins
Reptilia
Limbs with digits
Amniotic egg
Milk
Mammalia
Tetrapods
Amniotes
Amphibia
What are the 4 key characteristics of chordates?
1) notochord 2) dorsal, hollow nerve cord 3) pharyngeal slits or clefts 4) muscular,
post-anal tail
The common name of Cephalochordata is ______________. They are the first with all 4 chordate
characteristics. They have a bladelike shape and burrow itself in the sand and are
______________ feeders. Common name of Urochordata is _______________. T/F The adult tunicate
retains all 4 chordate characteristics.
Lancelets, suspension, tunicates or sea squirts, F (only larva shows 4 characteristics. Adult
tunicate only has slits).
Craniates are chordates that have _______. In humans, neural crest cells will develop to
become skull bones and cartilage around the _____ area. In aquatic craniates, the pharyngeal
clefts evolved into ______ _______. Craniates are generally more/less muscular than tunicates
and lancelets. Craniates have a heart with at least 1/2 chamber(s), red blood cells with
_____________, and _____________ for excretory purposes.
Heads, jaw, gill slits; more; 2; hemoglobin; kidneys
What is the first class with a head? The skull is made of bone/cartilage. Everything that
we’d studied until Myxini is invertebrates! They do/do not have jaws and vertebrae. They
produce a lot of ________.
Myxini (hagfish), cartilage, do not, slime
Vertebrates are craniates that have a _____________. The first vertebrate class is
__________________, also known as the lampreys.
Backbone, petromyzontida