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The data sets are presented as Excel files (.xlsx). There are 8 types of data sets as below. i) sano2016_Fig1+figS2_RNA-seq.xlsx: a data set containing gene symbols of 55 IRTs, corresponding IDs from the Ensembl database (release 75) and the KEGG database, and time series of FPKM values. This data set was used in Fig. 1 and fig. S2. In the Excel file, the order of columns is as follows: 1st column is the category of insulin-responsive transcripts (IRTs): increased IRTs, decreased IRTs, or the other IRTs. 2nd column is the category of insulin-responsive transcripts (IRTs): upregulated IRTs, downregulated IRTs, or the other IRTs. 3rd column is the gene symbol. 4th column is the Ensembl transcript ID. 5th column is the Ensembl gene ID. 6th column is the KEGG gene ID. 7th column is the name of pathways where the corresponding IRGs were mapped. 8-10th columns are the FPKM values (Sheet “FPKM”) or fold change values (Sheet “Fold Change”) calculated over median time point at 0 min obtained in triplicate. 11-16th columns are the FPKM values (or fold change values over 0 min) at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 240 min for the step stimulation with 0.01 nM insulin. 17-22th columns are the FPKM values (or fold change values over 0 min) at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 240 min for the step stimulation with 1 nM insulin. 23-28th columns are the FPKM values (or fold change values over 0 min) at at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 240 min for the step stimulation with 100 nM insulin. ii) sano2016_Fig2+figS3+figS5_qRT-PCR.xlsx: a data set containing gene symbols, time courses of Ct values of the 13 upregulated and 16 downregulated IRGs. This data set was used in Fig. 2 and figs. S3 and S5. On the Sheet “1st” , “2nd” , or “3rd” in the Excel file, the order of columns is as follows: 1st column is the category of insulin-responsive genes (IRGs): upregulated IRGs or downregualted IRGs. 2nd column is the gene symbol of the upregulated and downregulated IRGs. 3-41th columns are the Ct values measeured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 240 min for the step stimulation with 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, or 100 nM insulin. 43-61th columns are the Ct values measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 240 min for the pulse stimulation with 0.01, 10 (pulse), or . 10 (control step) nM insulin. 63-84th columns are the Ct values measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 240 min for the ramp stimulation with 0.01, 10 (ramp), or 10 (control step) nM insulin. On the Sheet “0min”, the order of columns is as follows: 1st column is the category of insulin-responsive genes (IRGs): upregulated IRGs or downregualted IRGs. 2nd column is the gene symbol of the upregulated and downregulated IRGs. 3-41th columns are the Ct values measeured at 0 min for the step, pulse, and ramp stimulation with insulin. These values were used to normalize expression profiles of the 2nd and 3rd data sets by those of the 1st data set. iii) sano2016_Fig5AB_InsulinClamp.xlsx: a data set containing time series of blood level of peripheral glucose and insulin in rats (n = 48) after injection of 20 nM insulin (clamp). This data set was used in Fig. 5A and 5B. In the Excel file, the order of columns is as follows: 1st column is the sample numbering of rats. The other columns are the time courses of blood glucose (mg/dl) or insulin (nM) measured at indicated time points. iv) sano2016_Fig5CD_qRT-PCR.xlsx: a data set containing gene symbols of 29 IRGs and time courses of Ct values measured at 0 or 120 min. This data set was used in Fig. 5C and 5D. On the Sheet “Ct” in the Excel file, the order of columns is as follows: 1st-3rd columns are the Ct values measeured for time points at 0 min obtained in biological triplicate. 4-6th columns are the Ct values measured for time points at 120 min obtained in biological triplicate. Toward the end of the Sheets in the file, calculation process of the fold change values is shown. v) sano2016_figS4_Step+Dose_qRT-PCR.xlsx: This data sets was used in fig. S4. In the Excel file, the order of columns is as follows: 1st column is the category of insulin-responsive genes (IRGs): upregulated IRGs or downregualted IRGs. 2nd column is the gene symbol of the upregulated and downregulated IRGs. 3-33th columns are the Ct values measeured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 240 min for the step stimulation with 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, or 100 nM insulin. vi) sano2016_figS4_Pulse_qRT-PCR.xlsx: This data set was used in fig. S4. In the Excel file, the order of columns is as follows: 1st column is the category of insulin-responsive genes (IRGs): upregulated IRGs or downregualted IRGs. 2nd column is the gene symbol of the upregulated and downregulated IRGs. 3-23th columns are the Ct values measeured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 240 min for the pulse stimulation with 0.01, 10 (pulse), or 10 (control step) nM insulin. vii) sano2016_figS4_Ramp_qRT-PCR.xlsx: This data set was used in fig. S4. In the Excel file, the order of columns is as follows: 1st column is the category of insulin-responsive genes (IRGs): upregulated IRGs or downregualted IRGs. 2nd column is the gene symbol of the upregulated and downregulated IRGs. 3-26th columns are the Ct values measeured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 240 min for the ramp stimulation with 0.01, 10 (pulse), or 10 (control step) nM insulin. viii) sano2016_figS8_RNA-seq.xlsx: This data set was used in fig. S8. On the Sheet “time course of FPKM values” in the Excel file, the order of columns is as follows: 1st column is the category of insulin-responsive transcripts (IRTs): increased IRTs or decreased IRTs. 2nd column is the Ensembl transcript ID. 3rd column is the gene symbol of the increased and decreased IRTs. 4-22th columns are the values of fragments per kilobase of exon per million mapped fragments (FPKM) obtained from RNA-seq measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 240 min for the step stimulation with 0.01, 1, or 100 nM insulin. On the Sheet “parameter” in the Excel file, the order of columns is as follows: 1st column is the category of insulin-responsive transcripts (IRTs): increased IRTs or decreased IRTs. 2nd column is the Ensembl transcript ID. 3rd column is the gene symbol of the increased and decreased IRTs. 4- or 5-th columns are the values of sensitivity (nM) calculated from each dose-response at 120 or 240 min, respectively, on the Sheet “time course”. 6- or 7-th columns are the values of time constant (min) calculated from each time course in response to 1 or 100 nM insulin, respectively, on the Sheet “time course of FPKM values”. ***************************** (Jun, 22, 2016)